Uzbekistan state world languages university

Exercise#l. Read the statements. Circle the true or false.

1. 
   False
   
2. 
   True
   
3. 
   False
   
4. 
   False
   
5. 
   True 6/True
   

7. 
   True
   
8. 
   False
   

230


Exercise#2. Fill the table below. Write the types and definitions of word combinations in the missed places according to its structural feature.
Answers can be varied.
► Activities for self-improvement
Exercise#l. Work in pairs. Learn carefully the clusters below. Find general differences of word-combinations of three compared languages and compare them with your partner.
Answers can be varied.


231

I	Declarative	Interrogative	Imperative
English : : 1 • I \ . • j	Grammatical morpheme: (do+not / don’t go) Lexical units: (Neither...nor It is neither good nor bad •	general, special, alternative and disjunctive. {Do you want...?, Where do you want...?, Do you want ...or...?, You want..., don’t you?). . ■	(What a lovely day it is! How wonderful!)
Russian .	Grammaticalmorpheme: (не Янепойду) Lexicalunits: (He...не Это и не хорошо и не плохо	1) Interrogative sentence having no interrogative words, sometimes they may contain such particles as ведь, как, что, неужели, разве, ли, and etc. In such cases they differ from declarative sentence	(Москва как много в этом звуке...)

232

, in intonation.

I (Инженер поехал в
Москву? Его здесь
\ пет? Разве он
I вам писал? |
; Неужел ионушел ?);
2) Interrogative
sentences having
interrogative words,
j such as кто, что,
I куда, откуда,
j I почему {
I (Ктопришел? Что j вы читаете?).
Uzbek I Grammatical \ 1) absolute (Аввал ўйла
j morpheme: (-ма j interrogative j кейин сўйла!).
j Мен бормайман) j sentences which
I require the answers j
j (сиз эр тага I . • .
I Lexical units: (Эмас, на j келасизми?); 2) i
: ...на ! rhetoric interrogative j
I Бу на яхши ва на \ sentence with the
j ёмон) ! obvious hidden
j answer in it {Мен 1 унинг тўсатдан j ( келиб қолишини
j цаердан билай?! Бу j
J ватанда нималар \
j йўц?! Ўзинган
I j чиққан балога қайга \
j борасан давога?! Бу j
j нимаси?!).





Exercise#4. Discuss the following questions with your partner.
Answers can be varied.


233

Exercise#5. Choose one of the topics below. Make a comparative analysis and prepare 10 minutes demonstrative presentation on it. Answers can be varied. ► Home activities Exercise#!. Read the statements. Circle the true or false definition of “sentence”. True True False True True False Exercise#2. Read the given main criteria about the classification of sentences. Classify and write types of sentences according to these criteria in the table. The criterion of the j The criterion of the aim	The criterion of the
structure of sentences of the speaker	existence of all parts of
!	the sentence
simple and composite j declarative, interrogative,	elliptical and non-
1 imperative and	elliptical
j exclamatory

Negative pronouns and adverbs	Nobody, nowhere, never, none None of them is here	Никто, нигде, никогда. ни один Ни один из них не здесь	Ҳеч ким, ҳеч қаер, ҳеч қачон, ҳеч бири Уларнинг ҳеч бири бу ерда эмас
Phraseological units	When Ethiopian changes his skin	Жди у моря погоды	Қизил қор ёққанда
Rhetoric questions	Whoever can win us?!	Да кто может нас победить?!	Ким ҳам бизни енга оларди?!

► Activities for self-improvement
Exercisc#l. What languages have these types of thecomposite sentence? Fill the table below. The first is given as an example.
Answers can be varied.
Exercisc#2. Read the statements below and choose whether they are true or false.

1. 
   False
   
2. 
   False
   
3. 
   False
   
4. 
   False
   
5. 
   True
   

Exercise#3. Write different kind of conjunctions, which are used to combine sentences.
Answers can be varied.


235




Test yourself on Typology of syntactic level of English and Native Language

1. 
   Which of these is the best definition of syntax?
   

1. 
   The study of the rules governing specifically the sounds that form words.
   
2. 
   *The study of the rules governing sentence formation.
   
3. 
   The study of the rules governing word formation.
   

2. 
   Which Typology studies the syntactic structure of different languages?
   

1. 
   *Syntactic
   
2. 
   Lexical and grammatical
   
3. 
   Phonetic and phonological
   
4. 
   Semantic and formal
   

3. 
   Syntactic typology studies...
   

1. 
   parts of speech
   
2. 
   word level
   
3. 
   phoneme level
   
4. 
   *sentence level and phrase level
   

4. 
   Which of these morphemes can the majority of English nouns have added to them?
   

5. 
   -ing
   
6. 
   *—er
   
7. 
   -s
   
8. 
   un-
   

5. 
   In which sentence do the dots replace a noun?
   

5. 
   They can ... them
   
6. 
   They can...
   
7. 
   *He has no ...
   
8. 
   They ... him
   

6. 
   Identify this sentence according to its type: "The old hotel at the end of the street is going to be knocked down at the beginning of next year."
   

5. 
   complex
   
6. 
   compound
   
7. 
   *simple
   
8. 
   compound-complex
   

236

7. 
   What must every correct sentence have а ..?
   

5. 
   transition word
   
6. 
   *subject and predicate
   
7. 
   conjunction and verb
   
8. 
   dependent and independent clause
   

8. 
   Russian nouns can show gender (among other features). What are they?
   

5. 
   Case only
   
6. 
   Number only
   
7. 
   Case and number
   
8. 
   *Number and person
   

9. 
   What is the smallest speech pattern?
   

5. 
   Morpheme
   
6. 
   *Phrase
   
7. 
   Phomeme
   
8. 
   Semime
   

10. 
    What is word order in the language?
    

5. 
   The agreement of words in a phrase
   

1) *The arrangement of words in a phrase, clause, or sentence

4. 
   Subordination of clauses
   
5. 
   Structure of a phrase
   

11. 
    Define the sentence
    

5. 
   It is the smallest speech pattern
   
6. 
   It is smallest meaningful unit
   
7. 
   *It is the basic unit of syntax
   
8. 
   It is an important communicative unit
   

12. 
    Subordinator...
    

5. 
   joins two similarly constructed and/or syntactically equal words
   
6. 
   contains an independent clause and at least one dependent clause
   
7. 
   is a unit of communication
   
8. 
   ““introduces a dependent clause, joining it to the main clause
   

237

13. 
    What language has extended wird-formation type according to the structure?
    

5. 
   Russian
   
6. 
   ^English
   
7. 
   Arabic
   
8. 
   Uzbek
   

14. 
    Independent and dependent are types of word combinations of...
    

5. 
   English language
   
6. 
   French language
   
7. 
   Russian language
   
8. 
   *Uzbek language
   

15. 
    What languages are fond of long and colorful phrases?
    

5. 
   *Russian and Uzbek
   
6. 
   Russian and English
   
7. 
   English and Uzbek
   
8. 
   English and French
   

238




Seminar #9
Typology of lexical level of English, Uzbek and Native
Languages
► Classroom activities
Excrcise#2. Fill the chart below. What branches of lexical typology do you know?
Lexical typology:

• 
  Lexical typology of words
  
• 
  Word-building typology
  
• 
  Comparative lexicology
  
• 
  Etc.
  

Go round the class and compare your list with other classmates.
Exercisers. Match the terms with their definitions.
1.Simple words - b

2. 
   Derived words - c
   
3. 
   Compound words - d
   
4. 
   Compound-derived words - a
   

► Home activities
Exercise#l. Match the definitions.
Typology is the study of patterns that occur
systematically across languages
Lexical typology deals with the units of lexical levels. It
studies inter-lingual paradigms of words, inter-lingual invariance of meanings expressed by words and phrases.


239

Semantic typology

the systematic cross-linguistic study of how
languages express meaning by way of signs


Exercise#3. Fill the cluster. According to the nature of borrowings, they can be classified in all languages into:


Loan words


j Borrowings






Exercise#3.True/False statements.

1. 
   True
   
2. 
   False
   
3. 
   False
   
4. 
   True
   
5. 
   False
   
6. 
   True
   
7. 
   True
   
8. 
   False
   
9. 
   True
   
10. 
    True
    

► Activities for self-improvement Exercise#l.