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offer of repair: Let me help you…; I’ll pay…; I’ll carry it out; I’ll check.
promise of forbearance (promising that the offence will not happen again): It won’t happen again; it will be done immediately.
Speech etiquette in many languages is characterized by some similarities, especially on formal occasions. They are usually very laconic and direct:
Ladies and gentlemen! – Хонимлар ва жаноблар! – Дамы и господа!
Welcome! – Хуш келибсиз! – Добро пожаловать!
Good-bye! – Хайр! – Досвидания!
I am glad to see you! – Сизни кўрганимдан ҳурсандман! – Рад вас видеть!
Good-bye. Thank you very much – Хайр. Катта рахмат – Досвидание. Спасибо вам большое.
Informal greetings are usually used between friends to enhance solidarity or to create a humorous language environment. They are often very ironical. For example:
Still alive?
Alive and kicking.
Привет. Как дела?
Как сажа бела.
Тирикмисан, ўртоқ?
Бўлади. Юрибман амаллаб.
Speech etiquette is of great importance in any culture. It consists of a complex system of communicative formulas accepted in a particular linguoculture determined by standards of social behavior norms and rules. Knowledge of the peculiar features of national etiquette provides successful communication and mutual understanding between representatives of different nations and languages. However, as our observations prove speech etiquette in English and Uzbek is also characterized by national specifics that can be observed in different communicative situations. Let’s consider some of them.
As is known, greeting is crucial in everyday communication providing opportunity to establish interpersonal relationships as well as to show addressers’ deliberate intention to contact an addressee.
English greetings are usually very brief and do not presuppose private questions: How do you do?, Hello!, Hi!, How are you?, Good morning!, Good afternoon!, Good evening!. Greetings in the English language also can be accompanied by some elements of phatic communication: Lovely day, isn’t it?; Glad to see you! Nice party!
Uzbek greetings, on the contrary, are very long, detailed and characterized by emotiveness. They include questions about the health of the addressee and his/her family members, about their activities, physical condition. Short and emotionless greetings are regarded as impolite:
Ассалому алайкум. Яхшимисиз? Чарчамай юрибсизми? Уйдагилар тинчми? Болалар, неваралар соғ-омонми? Келин ойи яхшими?
Эсонмисиз, омонмисиз? Яхши юрибсизми? Ишларингиз яхшими? Уйдагилар яхшими? Чарчамай юришибдими? Акангиз яхши бўлиб кетдими? Неваралар катта бўлишаяптими?
Addressing in English and Uzbek is also characterized by national-cultural specifics. As is known, in English culture, the words such as Miss, Missis, Mister, Sir, Madam are used to address and express respect to the interlocutor. These expressions are usually used with or without the names of the people. For instance:
Well, madam, - he said, recognizing the couple (Th. Drieser).
What can I do for you, miss? – he inquired surveying her curiously (Th. Dreiser).
“Sir” is particular used to address adult men of a higher social status or age.
"You are in the army now whether you like it or not, and you'll address all officers as Sir!" (J. Allen. Days of Hope).
“Are you in a hurry?”
“Yes, sir,” came the answer, that sent a flash through the listener.
“For what”?
“I was going out, sir” (Lawrence, The Prussian Officer).
In Uzbek culture, in everyday speech while addressing strangers the words denoting family relationship are commonly used: ака, опа, синглим, ўғлим, хола, отахон, онахон, амаки, буви, бобо. It should be noted that the choice of words depends on the adressee’s age and social position: ака, опа – to adult person, синглим, ўғлим, болам – to younger person, хола, амаки – to elder person, отахон, онахон, буви, бобо – to old people. It can be explained by the fact that “family” is of great significance in Uzbek culture which is characterized by collectivism rather than individualism.
Ҳой, айланай, ўғригина болам, бошимда шундай мусибат турганда кўзимга уйқу келадими? (Ғ. Ғулом, Ўғригина болам)
Moreover, adding suffixes such as -хон, -жон, -бек, -бой to Uzbek names are an essential part and polite way of addressing the interlocutor:
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
