Uzbekistan state university of world languages theory and practice of translation faculty

3. Hemingway’s writing style in his short stories and its artistic peculiarity
In our work, we would like to consider the formation of Hemingway's language and style using the example of the story "Cat in the Rain".⁴ Ernest Hemingway's work influenced the development of American literature and world literature in general in the 20th century. The purpose of the work is a stylistic analysis of the story "Cat in the rain", identifying the reasons for the use of certain stylistic techniques.
At first glance, it seems that the plot is uncomplicated and readers, for no apparent reason, are described only one episode from the life of a completely happy American couple traveling in Europe. In fact, the story is full of subtle hints of the author on the main idea, on what he really wanted to convey to readers. The stylistic techniques used by Hemingway are hints. They help to get to the truth by correctly placing accents in the text, drawing the reader's attention to the most important details.
To better convey the meaning inherent in the work, Hemingway uses the techniques of symbolism. It is not easy to describe in detail the perfect decoration of the hotel. This is a work about loneliness - loneliness together. The story is permeated by an atmosphere of spiritual emptiness and a brewing crisis in the relationship of two close people. The conversation of the spouses is a dialogue of the "deaf". Two close people do not understand each other.
The author knows his characters, their lives, feelings, interests and builds a story like a piece of music, alternating sounds and pauses. The elements of the narrative are closely related, and the "underwater" flow of the plot conveys the meaning of the visible. Of particular importance are pauses, individual details, symbols. The symbolic image of rain becomes the lyrical dominant of the story. Thus, a parallel is drawn with the appearance of an ideal marriage between a man and a woman vacationing there. It cannot even occur to others that the spouses have long been estranged from each other. The idea that the family has a difficult relationship is suggested by the description of the weather - grayness, a hopeless downpour, an undulating sea with waves that beat against the shore over and over again. The isolation, isolation of the characters, their alienation, some kind of intuitive desire to isolate themselves from another world, another culture is emphasized already in the first phrase: “There were only two Americans in the hotel” Other than that“ "they didn't know anyone...” But it should be noted that at the very beginning of the story, the characters are closer to each other ("two", "they”, "their room"). Starting from the second paragraph, we are talking only about the American woman and her relationship with what surrounds her.

At the beginning of the story, not only the bright Italian nature is described (the sea, the waves of which “rolled back and ran again”, tall palm trees), but also a public garden, a monument to the victims of the war. Why would a writer do that? It seems to us that everything here speaks about an established European culture, about a careful attitude to its history. It is not for nothing that the word “always" appears, referring to both artists and Italian tourists, and Americans are only guests in this stable world, they are outside it.

What does the heroine feel? With the appearance of the heroine, the lyrical sound of the story begins to be mixed with an aching, anxious feeling of sadness, restlessness and unsettled. An American woman sees a cat that has "hidden” and "shrunk into a ball”" This phrase will be repeated in the story already in connection with the heroine herself: "Something in her convulsively clenched into a ball”" And the reader begins to understand why the American woman wants to take this cat so much: the heroine feels just as defenseless and homeless. The passionate desire to change something in her homeless life, to stop wandering from hotel to hotel, to have her own house, children, to be happy is reflected in the words that she repeats like a spell: "I want to pull my hair tight... I want a cat... I want to eat at my table... I want candles to burn... and I want a cat, and I want a new dress...”

How is the image of the hero revealed? The hero is given in the perception of the heroine. If she is just an "American", then he has a name (George), which is first mentioned when the heroine felt “very small and at the same time significant”" It seems that it is at this moment that she will feel the desire to change something in her relationship with her husband.

The American woman is attentive and open to dialogue, while the hero says very little. Two words, often repeated, dominate his characterization: "book” and "read". Everything that is said about the hero creates the impression of static, immobility, unwillingness to change something in his life: he "responded from the bed”, "continued to read”, "lay on the bed and read”, "asked, lowering the book ... looking up from the book for a second”“ "already read again”, "changed position”, "did not listen". This is a complete inattention to his wife, her problems and worries. He casually notices only external changes in her (“You're pretty today”, “I like it the way it is now").In the artistic world of E. Hemingway, details belong to two spheres: real and symbolic. The heroine of the story feels like a "cat in the rain” - defenseless and weak, dreaming of her home, warmth and affection. It is not by chance that a completely stranger, the owner of the hotel, sensing this, sent the ”signora"⁵ a cat.
What role does the image of the hotel owner play in the story? The owner of the hotel is the only character we can imagine“ "see”, since his portrait is given: this is a "tall old man”, he has a "venerable appearance”“ "an old massive face and big hands". It is this person who will understand the heroine's experiences and will try to really help her. The owner of the hotel appears only in a small episode, but it gives the impression of his constant presence: he sends a maid to the heroine, passes an umbrella, sends a cat… At the beginning, it is said about the owner“ "He was standing at the counter… The American woman liked him”" Then the refrain is the phrase: "She liked… She liked… She liked it…"The heroine seemed to feel a kindred spirit in this man. She speaks the same (English) language with her husband, and Italian with the owner of the hotel. The paradox is that a stranger understands the heroine from half a word.So, as a result of the conversation on the story, we come to the conclusion that the eventlessness, understatement, subtext meaning, symbolism of details are features of the literature of the twentieth century.

«— When I'm working on a novel or a short story, I write every morning as soon as the first rays of the sun appear on the horizon. No one will stop you. You start writing. You read what you wrote earlier, and if you stopped, knowing what will happen next, you continue. You write up to a certain point, stop, think about the continuation and try to live until the next morning to finish what you started. You start at six in the morning and can continue until noon. When you stop— you are empty, but at the same time you are full of something, as if during falling in love. No one bothers you, nothing bothers you. Waiting for a new day is quite difficult»