Uzbekistan Quality Job Creation as a Cornerstone for Sustainable Economic Growth

Uzbekistan Quality Job Creation as a Cornerstone for Sustainable Economic Growth
men being employed informally more often than women in general (26.2% 
of men and 12.5% of women age 18–64), and especially in seasonal work
(Table 3.6). At the same time, more women have informalities in employment 
within the permanent jobs. The shortage of jobs in the formal sector is one of 
the main causes of informal employment. 
Informal jobs usually offer lower wages and imply lower labor productivity 
than formal jobs, and are often temporary and not covered with employment 
benefits. Informal workers also usually have fewer opportunities for training, 
have greater exposure to risks, and are more vulnerable to labor exploitation 
(e.g., receiving wages below the minimum and working longer hours). For 
employees in the informal sector, capacity development is not available or 
extremely limited. 
Table 3.5: Occupational and Sectoral Distribution by Gender,
Aged 25–55, Uzbekistan, 2013
(%)
Occupation and Industry
Men
Women
Occupation Group
Professionals
16.8
22.6
Unskilled workers
18.2
11.6
Service workers, shop or market sales workers
9.7
12.6
Skilled agricultural and fishery workers
11.9
9.7
Technicians and associate professionals
4.9
1.9
Craft and related trades
4.4
2.4
Armed forces
2.4
0.2
Clerks
1.1
1.3
Plant and machine operators and assemblers
1.3
0.3
Legislators, senior officials and managers
0.7
0.7
None
7.4
21.3
Don't know / missing 
21.1
15.4
Number of observations
1,750
1,735
Industry*
Agriculture
18.2
19.4
Industry
8.0
2.7
Construction
25.7
0.6
Services
37.9
30.1
Don't know / missing
10.2
47.7
Number of observations
1,750
1,735
Note: Agriculture includes fishing; industry includes mining, manufacturing, energy, and water; services 
include trade and repair, hotels and restaurants, transport and communications, finance, public administration, 
education, health and social work, utilities, social and personal services, private households with employed 
persons, and extra-territorial organizations.
Source: Author’s calculations based on World Bank (2013a). 

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