Uzbekistan Quality Job Creation as a Cornerstone for Sustainable Economic Growth

Figure 3.11: Labor Force Total and Participation Rate, Uzbekistan
(ages 15–64, and 15–24 modeled ILO estimate)
Labor force, total (LHS)
LFPR, total, 15–24 (RHS)
0
10
8
6
4
2
12
14
16
18
0
50
40
30
20
10
60
70
80
90
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2018
Million
Percent
LFPR, male, 15–64 (RHS)
LFPR, total, 15–64 (RHS)
LFPR, female, 15–64 (RHS)

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Uzbekistan Quality Job Creation as a Cornerstone for Sustainable Economic Growth
Table 3.4: Factors Affecting Labor Force Participation, Aged 25–55, 2013
Variables
Probit Estimates
Marginal Effects
female
-0.960
a
-0.322
a
(0.120)
(0.0364)
migrant_hh
-0.235
b
-0.0787
b
(0.104)
(0.0345)
rural
0.458
a
0.153
a
(0.0985)
(0.0320)
MemoryRaw
0.0715
a
0.0240
a
(0.0234)
(0.00773)
LiteracyRaw
-0.0401
-0.0134
(0.0291)
(0.00972)
NumeracyRaw
0.0270
0.00903
(0.0348)
(0.0117)
DweckScore
-0.0313
-0.0105
(0.0531)
(0.0178)
age30_34
-0.0370
-0.0124
(0.147)
(0.0494)
age35_39
0.110
0.0367
(0.171)
(0.0574)
age40_44
0.350
b
0.117
b
(0.178)
(0.0592)
age45_49
0.380
b
0.127
b
(0.172)
(0.0571)
age50_55
0.115
0.0386
(0.170)
(0.0570)
hh_head
0.0289
0.00968
(0.142)
(0.0475)
hh_child6
0.129
c
0.0433
c
(0.0749)
(0.0250)
hh_child6_18
0.0830
0.0278
(0.0563)
(0.0188)
hh_elderly65
0.0171
0.00573
(0.0792)
(0.0265)
hhsize
-0.0559
-0.0187
c
(0.0340)
(0.0114)
divorced
-0.473
a
-0.158
a
(0.162)
(0.0536)
widow
-0.110
-0.0368
(0.245)
(0.0820)
uzbek
0.359
a
0.120
a
(0.138)
(0.0459)
Fergana Valley
-0.333
a
-0.112
a
(0.123)
(0.0408)
CentralRegion
-0.838
a
-0.281
a
(0.144)
(0.0458)
SouthRegion
-0.0305
-0.0102
(0.131)
(0.0437)
Observations
965
965
a 
p<0.01, 
b 
p<0.05, 
c 
p<0.1
Notes: Dependent variable: Worked in last 14 days (labor force participation); standard errors in parentheses.
Source: Author’s calculations based on World Bank (2013b).

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111
Unlocking the Potential for Labor Productivity Growth
Men dominate high-paying jobs. 
The relatively low female participation 
rate is a reflection of the fact that many women are involved in unpaid 
home and care work, and are discouraged from looking for work outside the 
home (Ajwad et al. 2014).
14
Female workers who are in the labor market are 
mostly concentrated in professional and service occupations—although 
proportionately slightly less women than men are in managerial positions 
(including legislators and senior officials). Even in sectors where women 
constitute the majority of employees, the proportion of women in managerial 
positions is insignificant—the gender gap in the education sector is 
illustrative: 70% of schoolteachers, but only 36% of principals are female. 
Table 3.5 shows the occupational and sectoral distribution of jobs by gender. 
In technical fields, such as technicians and plant and machine operators, men 
are the majority. Almost one-third of employed women are in the service 
sector followed by 20% in agriculture. Women still work predominantly in low-
paid sectors such as education, health, and agriculture, while men dominate 
in better-paying jobs and sectors (such as construction, manufacturing, 
transport and logistics, and information and communication).