10
Uzbekistan Country
Gender Assessment Update
514 doctors of science, 2 rectors of higher educational institutions, 6 academics, and 15 Heroes
of Uzbekistan.
30
Women compose more than 23% of the deputies to local
kengashes
(councils),
and 72% work in science, education, health, culture, and the arts. Over 8,500 women work
in communities
as advisers on religion, enlightenment, and spiritual–moral upbringing
(
maslakhatchi
).
31
Since the introduction of the 30% female quota for political parties’ candidate lists, the
proportion of women in parliament has increased, from 9.4% in 2004 to 16% in 2017. However,
this proportion remains almost the same as in the last CGa in 2014 (17% for the Oliy Majlis, and
15% for the Legislative Chamber).
Women are underrepresented in other high-level decision-making positions. In 2017, all
hokims
(mayors) in 14 regions and in the city of tashkent were male. among 84 deputy
hokims
of
viloyat
(regions), 14 were women (16.67%), mostly for women’s issues.
32
Women were also better
represented
at the district level, accounting for 193 of 1,772 deputy district
hokims
(25%) in 2017.
33
Women have not yet reached the minimum 30% representation that would ensure an effective
voice in decision making. therefore, the government needs to support surveys on the barriers to
more active political and public participation by women. table 2 provides a sex-disaggregated
breakdown of the membership of key legislative and executive decision-making bodies.
Table 2: Sex-Disaggregation in Decision-Making Bodies, 2017
(%)
Institution
Women
Men
Legislative Chamber
15
85
Senate
17
83
Jokargy Kenes (parliament), Republic of Karakalpakstan
13
87
Oliy Majlis (parliament)
16
84
Council
of deputies
Regions and the city of tashkent
12
88
district level (
tuman
)
23
77
deputy
hokims
province level
16.6
83.4
district level
25
75
Source: data provided by the WCU to adB during data gathering for this CGa update.
30
“Hero of Uzbekistan” is the highest state award from the president of Uzbekistan and the highest standard of excellence,
given by the state to citizens of outstanding merit, and also to people associated with a feat of heroism.
31
Sputnik International. 2017. Speech of president Shavkat Mirziyoev. 8 March.. www.sputnik.uz
32
there are six deputy
hokims
in each of 14 regions/
viloyat
on economic issues and entrepreneurship, agriculture, issues
concerning
women and the youth, capital construction, communications and investment, and religious and social
organizations.
33
there are 193 districts/cities with four deputy
hokims
for each district—for economic issues and entrepreneurship,
for agriculture, and for issues concerning women and the youth. there are 772 deputy district
hokims
,
including
193 women (25%).
Crosscutting Gender Equality Issues
11
C. Employment and the Labor Market
the government does not hinder women’s participation in the labor market or entrepreneurship.
However, although women compose 49.6% of the population, their share in formal employment
(45.7%) is lower than the men’s (54.3%).
34
In January–September 2017, “the number of
unemployed people—the “unoccupied population,” under Resolution 106 of 24 May 2007 of
the Cabinet of Ministers—totaled 765,300, or 5.4% of the economically active population.
35
In January–October 2017, 218,291 a total of individuals applied to the Centers of assistance
to employment
and Social protection, under the Ministry of Labor and employment. among
these, 113,376 (52%) were women. Notably, among 192,926 applicants who received help from
the centers, 90,843 (47%) were women.
36
aside from lower female participation in the labor force, the labor market displays clear gender
segregation by sector. Women are highly represented in the social sectors (education, health
care and social services, accommodation, and catering services), which typically offer lower
salaries, while men predominate in technical fields (construction,
industry, transport, finance
and insurance, information and communication technology), which usually offer higher
salaries. (detailed sex-disaggregated data on employment by economic sector are shown in
appendix 1.)
More than 94.2% of workers in construction and 92.8% in transport and communications
are male. Women account for 76.5% of all employees in health care, welfare,
and sports, and
compose 75.6% of workers in education, culture, the arts, and sciences.
37
areas that hire large
numbers of women offer lower wages than sectors where men dominate (Figure 1).
In 2016, the highest wages were in finance and insurance, sectors where women composed only
37.3% of the workforce, compared with 62.7% for men. Women’s employment in information
and communication
technology was even lower, at 32.7%, compared with 67.3% for men.
38
Gender stereotypes largely define women’s choices in courses and prospects for employment.
When selecting a career, girls are motivated less by employment and success, but rather by the
desire to obtain a qualification that will be useful in family life (e.g., health worker, teacher, or
seamstress) (footnote 3).
Women in rural areas are much less competitive in the labor market,
largely because of the limited number of formal jobs available locally and the lack of necessary
education, vocational qualifications, and skills.
34
State Committee on Statistics. 2016.
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