Uzbekistan and the World Trade Organization (wto)



Download 0,59 Mb.
Pdf ko'rish
bet3/7
Sana30.03.2022
Hajmi0,59 Mb.
#518778
1   2   3   4   5   6   7
Bog'liq
Uzbekistan and the World Trade Organization WTO by Richard Pomfret

School of Economics
Exchange rate, sum/USD 
December 2008 – December 2016
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
Off Exch Rate
Market rate
Source
: Ben Slay, private correspondence (Pomfret, 2019, 113), based on Central 
Bank of Uzbekistan data and UNDP calculations.


School of Economics
The GATT and the WTO
The WTO was established on 1/1/1995 as successor to the GATT

although descended from the GATT, the WTO has a different 
emphasis.
In 1947 the GATT was a temporary arrangement, following lack of 
agreement on the mandate of an International Trade Organization

the secretariat was small, 

decision-making was by consensus 
Nevertheless, slow but steady progress on trade liberalization through 8 
rounds of multilateral trade negotiations led to accumulation of a strong
acceptable framework for international trade and substantial 

tariffs.
A body of trade law was established between 1947 and 1994 and 
consolidated in the Final Act of the Uruguay Round.
WTO membership involves commitment to these agreed rules and 
practices, based on transparency and non-discrimination.


School of Economics
GATT was a success story

23 countries signed the GATT in 1947

123 countries negotiated the Uruguay Round in 1986-94.
However, the structure was anachronistic by 1995
and the decision to follow the GATT pattern and launch a new 
round of multilateral trade negotiations in 2001 was mistaken.

The Doha Round was a mistake because the WTO operates by 
consensus.

GATT rounds would be guided by a few leading members (in the Uruguay 
Round: the USA, EU, Japan and Canada) and others would acquiesce.

in the 21
st
century, several large economies, notably Brazil, Russia, India 
and China, are more assertive and consensus is hard to reach – especially 
as new issues are more complex & contentious
And by 1995 administration of a body of trade law was more important 
than reducing direct trade barriers.



Download 0,59 Mb.

Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:
1   2   3   4   5   6   7




Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©hozir.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling

kiriting | ro'yxatdan o'tish
    Bosh sahifa
юртда тантана
Боғда битган
Бугун юртда
Эшитганлар жилманглар
Эшитмадим деманглар
битган бодомлар
Yangiariq tumani
qitish marakazi
Raqamli texnologiyalar
ilishida muhokamadan
tasdiqqa tavsiya
tavsiya etilgan
iqtisodiyot kafedrasi
steiermarkischen landesregierung
asarlaringizni yuboring
o'zingizning asarlaringizni
Iltimos faqat
faqat o'zingizning
steierm rkischen
landesregierung fachabteilung
rkischen landesregierung
hamshira loyihasi
loyihasi mavsum
faolyatining oqibatlari
asosiy adabiyotlar
fakulteti ahborot
ahborot havfsizligi
havfsizligi kafedrasi
fanidan bo’yicha
fakulteti iqtisodiyot
boshqaruv fakulteti
chiqarishda boshqaruv
ishlab chiqarishda
iqtisodiyot fakultet
multiservis tarmoqlari
fanidan asosiy
Uzbek fanidan
mavzulari potok
asosidagi multiservis
'aliyyil a'ziym
billahil 'aliyyil
illaa billahil
quvvata illaa
falah' deganida
Kompyuter savodxonligi
bo’yicha mustaqil
'alal falah'
Hayya 'alal
'alas soloh
Hayya 'alas
mavsum boyicha


yuklab olish