Universum: технические науки

III. The choice of optimal structural scheme of 
the automated system for solar power installations. 
In Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the automated system 
for solar power installations. 
Figure 1. Solar Collector Automation System 
This system includes two chains of independent 
control. In the first chain, an automatic tracking system 
for 
solar 
collectors 
based 
on 
the 
Arduino 
microcontroller was developed. The controller, 
receiving signals from photoelectric tracking sensors, 
generates a control signal in a discrete format. The 
generated signal is issued to the control unit, which, 
amplifying, controls the operation of the electric drive, 
consisting of a single-turn SEM electric motor (electric 
single-turn mechanism) with a gearbox. The tracking 
mechanism provides guidance of the solar collector in 
the sun. The permissible error (threshold) between the 
signals in the inclined planes of the sensor photocells, at 
which it is necessary to monitor the collector for the Sun, 
is 5% (this value can be set in the controller) [5]. 

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№ 10 (91)
октябрь, 2021 г. 
84 
Figure 2. Schedule tracking solar installation for the sun 
Once the optimal position is found, the 
microcontroller sets a timer and waits for the next cycle 
of work after a specified time. This process will continue 
until the reset button is pressed. The tracking graph is 
shown in the following figure [6]. 
In the second chain, the microcontroller maintains 
the temperature parameter of the input and output of the 
heated water in the collector. The following instruments 
and devices participate in the automation chain: 
•
microprocessor meter regulator TPM 212 (ana-
log output signal); 
•
narrowing device (washer) to create a differential 
pressure; 
•
differential sensor (differential meter (input sig-
nal 4-20 mA)); 
•
temperature sensor - thermocouple (measuring 
range up to 850 degrees); 
•
electric valve (input signal 4-20 mA); 
•
A computer for recording and recording data. 
The technical result of the second part of automation 
is to increase the efficiency and reliability of the solar 
power plant. Improving the efficiency of the device is 
achieved by improving the mode of thermal 
accumulation, since a portion of hot water not used by 
the consumer, making a repeated cycle of receipt in the 
solar thermal collector, transfers part of its energy to the 
heat accumulator. Improving the reliability of the solar 
device is achieved by increasing the rate of periodic heat 
removal of solar radiation in batches, by applying water 
selection over an automatically set temperature range, 
which prevents the accumulation of scale in the inner 
surfaces of the working channels of the solar thermal 
collector.