Univer café Mass media the press

UNIVER CAFÉ

Mass media the press
.Plan:

1.Characteristics

2.Mass vs. mainstream and alternative
3.Forms of mass media

Modern world is full of information of various kinds which sometimes is even more valuable than money. (Sovremenniy mir polon informatsii razlichnix vidov, kotoraya inogda daje boleye senna, chem dengi.)

Mass media (the press, radio, television and Internet) have a very big impact on modern society. (Mass media (pressa, radio, televideniye i internet) imeyut ochen bolshoye vliyaniye na sovremennoye obshestvo.)
They serve to inform people of different events, educate, entertain and give us any kinds of information. (Oni slujat, chtobi informirovat lyudey o razlichnix sobitiyax, obrazovivayut, razvlekayut i dayut nam vsyakiye vidi informatsii)
Complete and accurate information is very important to get nowadays. (Polnaya i tochnaya informatsiya ochen vajna v nashi dni.)
The press still remains one of the most powerful kinds of mass media. (Pressa vse yeshe ostayetsya odnim iz samix vliyatelnix vidov mass media)
One can find daily, weekly and monthly newspapers and magazines on different topics such as fashion, sport, children, politics, economy and others. (Chelovek mojet nayti yejednevniye, yejenedelniye i yejemesyachniye gazeti i jurnali na razniye temi, takiye kak moda, sport, deti, politika, ekonomika i dr.)
I prefer getting news from the Internet. My future profession will deal wiht fashion so I often buy monthly fashion magazines like Vogue or Cosmopolitan or read they in the Internet. (YA predpochitayu poluchat novosti iz interneta. Moya budushaya professiya budet imet delo s modoy, poetomu ya chasto pokupayu yejemesyachniye jurnali tipa … ili chitayu ix v internete.)
Television plays a big role in our society too and a lot of people prefer watching television to reading a newspaper. (Televideniye toje igrayet bolshuyu rol v nashem obshestve, i mnogiye lyudi predpochitayut smotreniye televizora chteniyu gazet.)
Television provides a great opportunity for people to learn latest news, watch educational programmes, children's programmes, old and new films and soap operas on TV. (Televideniye dayet ogromnuyu vozmojnost lyudyam uznavat samiye posledniye novosti, smotret obrazovatelniye programmi, detskiye, stariye i noviye filmi i milniye operi na TV.)
As for me, I usually watch documentaries and game shows on television. (Kak po mne, ya obichno smotryu dokumentalniye filmi i igroviye shou po televizoru.)
My mother prefers sitcoms and sports programmes; my father watches educational prgrammes and political talk shows. (Moya mama predpochitayet sitkomi i sportivniye programmi; papa smotrit obrazovatelniye programmi i politicheskiye tok-shou.)
I think that it is impossible to live without television, even though the Internet, I am sure, will replace it one day in future. (YA dumayu, chto nevozmojno jit bez televideniya, xotya internet, ya uverena, zamenit yego odnajdi v budushem.)
Radio is less popular than newspapers and television, but still people listen to it in cars or at work. (Radio meneye populyarno, chem gazeti i televideniye, no lyudi vse yeshe slushayut yego v mashinax ili na rabote.)
I usually listen to online radio stations while I am doing my homework or jogging. (YA obichno slushayu on-layn radiostansii vo vremya domashney raboti ili probejki.)
There are different types of radio stations and one can find any radio station to their liking. (Yest razniye tipi radiostansiy, i chelovek mojet nayti lyubuyu radiostansiyu po svoyemu vkusu.)
The Internet is the newest kind of mass media, but which has become the most popular and greatest source of information and entertainment. (Internet samiy noviy tip mass media, no kotoriy stal samim populyarnim i bolshim istochnikom informatsii i razvlecheniy.)
If you have the internet access, you may read newspapers online, watch films, listen to music, listen to the radio and even watch television online! (Yesli vi imeyete internet dostup, vi mojete chitat gazeti onlayn, smotret filmi, slushat muziku, radio i daje smotret televideniye onlayn.)
I use the Internet every day for various purposes: I chat with friends all over the world, read news and find necessary information for my studies. (YA polzuyus internetom kajdiy den dlya raznix seley: ya obshayus s druzyami po vsemu miru, chitayu novosti i naxoju neobxodimuyu dlya svoyey uchebi informatsiyu.)
E-mail has become the great way of communication. One can send a letter to their friends or a business letter and it will be delivered in a few seconds. (E-mail stal vajnim sposobom kommunikatsii. Chelovek mojet otpravit pismo svoim druzyam ili delovoye pismo, i ono budet dostavleno cherez neskolko sekund.)
I also like social media sites, like Facebook or Vkontakte. I have my profiles there and they help me stay in touch with all my friends both from Russia and other countries. (Mne takje nravyatsya sotsialniye sayti, … YA imeyu svoy profil tam, i oni pomogayut mne ostavatsya blizkoy so vsemi moimi druzyami iz Rossii i iz drugix stran.)
Many people use the Internet programmes for communication such as Skype, Viber, WhatsApp and other.
Surely, there are advantages and disadvantages of mass media. Some of the advantages are education and entertainment. However, one needs to have special equipment and enough money to use different types of mass media. (Konechno, yest polza i nedostatki mass media. Nekotoraya polza eto obrazovaniye i razvlecheniye. Odnako, cheloveku nujno imet spetsialnoye oborudovaniye i dostatochno deneg, chtobi ispolzovat razniye tipi mass media.)
Another disadvantage is that sometimes the Internet is unreliable and may even be harmful to people. (Yeshe odin nedostatok, chto inogda internet informatsiya nenadejna i mojet bit daje vredna lyudyam.)
In spite of all disadvantages, people still read newspapers, watch TV, listen to the radio and browse the Net. (Nesmotrya na vse nedostatki lyudi vse yeshe chitayut gazeti, smotryat TV, slushayut radio i naxodyatsya v seti.)

Mass Media plays a very important role in modern society. The most important means of media include radio, television, newspapers, magazines, and Internet. These sources inform, educate and somehow entertain us. My favourite media resource is Internet. It represents all sources in one. If I want to read the daily news, I go online. If I want to read magazines about things that interest me, I address Internet. When I want to listen to the radio or to watch a new film, again I turn on my computer. Basically, Internet is the media resource which has successfully displaced all other means from use. If I had no Internet at all, I would choose television. This is another media resource which I find engaging and useful. The programs I like watching are Animal Planet and BBC Wildlife Specials. These programs are not only interesting but also educational. They help me to improve my English skills and to learn more about animals and their habitat. I also like watching comedy films and some soap operas. Radio is another media source I like. I listen to music almost all day long. In the morning I turn on my CD-player and tune into Europa Plus radio channel. During the day I carry my MP3-player around. When online, I can always turn on any radio I like. Sometimes I turn on the BBC channel to hear the world news in English. Speaking about printed press, I should say that my parents are subscribed to a local newspaper. They also buy some magazines from time to time. My mum likes reading “Elle” and “Cosmopolitan” magazines and my dad usually buys magazines about motor and racing cars. Issues with definition

In the late 20th century, mass media could be classified into eight mass media industries: books, the Internet, magazines, movies, newspapers, radio, recordings, and television. The explosion of digital communication technology in the late 20th and early 21st centuries made prominent the question: what forms of media should be classified as "mass media"? For example, it is controversial whether to include cell phones, computer games (such as MMORPGs), and video games in the definition. In the 2000s, a classification called the "seven mass media" became popular.[citation needed] In order of introduction, they are:
Print (books, pamphlets, newspapers, magazines, etc.) from the late 15th century
Recordings (gramophone records, magnetic tapes, cassettes, cartridges, CDs, and DVDs) from the late 19th century
Cinema from about 1900
Radio from about 1910
Television from about 1950
Internet from about 1990
Mobile phones from about 2000
Each mass medium has its own content types, creative artists, technicians, and business models. For example, the Internet includes blogs, podcasts, web sites, and various other technologies built atop the general distribution network. The sixth and seventh media, Internet and mobile phones, are often referred to collectively as digital media; and the fourth and fifth, radio and TV, as broadcast media. Some argue that video games have developed into a distinct mass form of media.[6]
While a telephone is a two-way communication device, mass media communicates to a large group. In addition, the telephone has transformed into a cell phone which is equipped with Internetaccess. A question arises whether this makes cell phones a mass medium or simply a device used to access a mass medium (the Internet). There is currently a system by which marketers and advertisers are able to tap into satellites, and broadcast commercials and advertisements directly to cell phones, unsolicited by the phone's user.[citation needed] This transmission of mass advertising to millions of people is another form of mass communication.
Video games may also be evolving into a mass medium. Video games (for example, massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs), such as RuneScape) provide a common gaming experience to millions of users across the globe and convey the same messages and ideologies to all their users. Users sometimes share the experience with one another by playing online. Excluding the Internet, however, it is questionable whether players of video games are sharing a common experience when they play the game individually. It is possible to discuss in great detail the events of a video game with a friend one has never played with, because the experience is identical to each. The question, then, is whether this is a form of mass communication.[citation needed]
Characteristics
Five characteristics of mass communication have been identified by sociologist John Thompson of Cambridge University:
"[C]omprises both technical and institutional methods of production and distribution" – This is evident throughout the history of mass media, from print to the Internet, each suitable for commercial utility
Involves the "commodification of symbolic forms" – as the production of materials relies on its ability to manufacture and sell large quantities of the work; as radio stations rely on their time sold to advertisements, so too newspapers rely on their space for the same reasons
"[S]eparate contexts between the production and reception of information"
Its "reach to those 'far removed' in time and space, in comparison to the producers"
"[I]nformation distribution" – a "one to many" form of communication, whereby products are mass-produced and disseminated to a great quantity of audiences
Mass vs. mainstream and alternative
The term "mass media" is sometimes erroneously used as a synonym for "mainstream media". Mainstream media are distinguished from alternative media by their content and point of view.Alternative media are also "mass media" outlets in the sense that they use technology capable of reaching many people, even if the audience is often smaller than the mainstream.
In common usage, the term "mass" denotes not that a given number of individuals receives the products, but rather that the products are available in principle to a plurality of recipients.
Forms of mass media
Broadcast
A family listening to a crystal radio in the 1920s.
Main articles: Radio broadcasting and Television
The sequencing of content in a broadcast is called a schedule. With all technological endeavours a number of technical terms and slang have developed. Please see the list of broadcasting terms for a glossary of terms used.
Radio and television programs are distributed over frequency bands which are highly regulated in the United States. Such regulation includes determination of the width of the bands, range, licensing, types of receivers and transmitters used, and acceptable content.
Cable television programs are often broadcast simultaneously with radio and television programs, but have a more limited audience. By coding signals and requiring a cable converter box at individual recipients' locations, cable also enables subscription-based channels and pay-per-view services.
A broadcasting organisation may broadcast several programs simultaneously, through several channels (frequencies), for example BBC One and Two. On the other hand, two or more organisations may share a channel and each use it during a fixed part of the day, such as the Cartoon Network/Adult Swim. Digital radio and digital television may also transmit multiplexed programming, with several channels compressed into one ensemble.
When broadcasting is done via the Internet the term webcasting is often used. In 2004, a new phenomenon occurred when a number of technologies combined to produce podcasting. Podcasting is an asynchronous broadcast/narrowcast medium. Adam Curry and his associates, the Podshow, are principal proponents of podcasting.
Film
Main article: Film
The term 'film' encompasses motion pictures as individual projects, as well as the field in general. The name comes from the photographic film (also called filmstock), historically the primarymedium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms for film exist, such as motion pictures (or just pictures and "picture"), the silver screen, photoplays, the cinema, picture shows, flicks, and most common, movies.
Films are produced by recording people and objects with cameras, or by creating them using animation techniques or special effects. Films comprise a series of individual frames, but when these images are shown in rapid succession, an illusion of motion is created. Flickering between frames is not seen because of an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a visual image for a fraction of a second after the source has been removed. Also of relevance is what causes the perception of motion: a psychological effect identified as beta movement.
Film is considered by many[who?] to be an important art form; films entertain, educate, enlighten, and inspire audiences. Any film can become a worldwide attraction, especially with the addition of dubbing or subtitles that translate the film message. Films are also artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them.[who?]
Video games
Shopping carts for children fitted with gaming computers.
A video game is a computer-controlled game in which a video display, such as a monitor or television, is the primary feedback device. The term "computer game" also includes games which display only text (and which can, therefore, theoretically be played on a teletypewriter) or which use other methods, such as sound or vibration, as their primary feedback device, but there are very few new games in these categories.[who?] There always must also be some sort of input device, usually in the form of button/joystick combinations (on arcade games), a keyboard and mouse/trackball combination (computer games), a controller (console games), or a combination of any of the above. Also, more esoteric devices have been used for input, e.g., the player's motion. Usually there are rules and goals, but in more open-ended games the player may be free to do whatever they like within the confines of the virtual universe.
In common usage, an "arcade game" refers to a game designed to be played in an establishment in which patrons pay to play on a per-use basis. A "computer game" or "PC game" refers to a game that is played on a personal computer. A "Console game" refers to one that is played on a device specifically designed for the use of such, while interfacing with a standard television set. A "video game" (or "videogame") has evolved into a catchall phrase that encompasses the aforementioned along with any game made for any other device, including, but not limited to, advanced calculators, mobile phones, PDAs, etc.
Audio recording and reproduction
Sound recording and reproduction is the electrical or mechanical re-creation or amplification of sound, often as music. This involves the use of audio equipment such as microphones, recording devices, and loudspeakers. From early beginnings with the invention of the phonograph using purely mechanical techniques, the field has advanced with the invention of electrical recording, the mass production of the 78 record, the magnetic wire recorder followed by the tape recorder, the vinyl LP record. The invention of the compact cassette in the 1960s, followed by Sony's Walkman, gave a major boost to the mass distribution of music recordings, and the invention of digital recording and the compact disc in 1983 brought massive improvements in ruggedness and quality. The most recent developments have been in digital audio players.
An album is a collection of related audio recordings, released together to the public, usually commercially.
The term record album originated from the fact that 78 RPM Phonograph disc records were kept together in a book resembling a photo album. The first collection of records to be called an "album" was Tchaikovsky's Nutcracker Suite, release in April 1909 as a four-disc set by Odeon records.[8][9] It retailed for 16 shillings – about £15 in modern currency.
A music video (also promo) is a short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music, most commonly a song. Modern music videos were primarily made and used as a marketing device intended to promote the sale of music recordings. Although the origins of music videos go back much further, they came into their own in the 1980s, when Music Television's format was based on them. In the 1980s, the term "rock video" was often used to describe this form of entertainment, although the term has fallen into disuse.
Music videos can accommodate all styles of filmmaking, including animation, live action films, documentaries, and non-narrative, abstract film.