Understanding the International Criminal Court

29. What is a crime of aggression?

As adopted by the Assembly of States Parties during the Review Conference of the Rome Statute, held

in Kampala (Uganda) between 31 May and 11 June 2010, a “crime of aggression” means the planning,

preparation, initiation or execution of an act of using armed force by a State against the sovereignty,

territorial integrity or political independence of another State.

The act of aggression includes, among other things, invasion, military occupation, and annexation by

the use of force, blockade of the ports or coasts, if it is considered being, by its character, gravity and

scale, a manifest violation of the Charter of the United Nations.

The perpetrator of the act of aggression is a person who is in a position effectively to exercise control

over or to direct the political or military action of a State.