Understanding Psychology (10th Ed)

top-down processing

 
Perception that is guided 
by higher-level knowledge, experience, expec-
tations, and motivations (Module 13).

traits

 
Consistent personality characteristics and 
behaviors displayed in different situations 
(Module 41).

trait theory

 
A model of personality that seeks 
to identify the basic traits necessary to describe 
personality (Module 41).

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

 
A 
depression treatment in which a precise mag-
netic pulse is directed to a specifi c area of the 
brain (Module 51).

transference

 
The transfer of feelings to a psy-
choanalyst of love or anger that had been origi-
nally directed to a patient’s parents or other 
authority fi gures (Module 49).

transsexuals

 
People who believe they were 
born with the body of the other gender 
(Module 34).

treatment

 
The manipulation implemented by 
the experimenter (Module 5).

trichromatic theory of color vision

 
The theory 
that there are three kinds of cones in the retina, 
each of which responds primarily to a specifi c 
range of wavelengths (Module 11).

trust-versus-mistrust stage

 
According to 
Erikson, the fi rst stage of psychosocial develop-
ment, occurring from birth to age 1½ years, 
during which time infants develop feelings of 
trust or lack of trust (Module 37).

Type A behavior pattern

 
A cluster of behaviors 
involving hostility, competitiveness, time 
urgency, and feeling driven (Module 44).