Understanding Psychology (10th Ed)

narcotics

 
Drugs that increase relaxation and 
relieve pain and anxiety (Module 16).

nativist approach (to language develop-
ment)

 
The theory that a genetically deter-
mined, innate mechanism directs language 
development (Module 25).

naturalistic observation

 
Research in which an 
investigator simply observes some naturally 
occurring behavior and does not make a change 
in the situation (Module 5).

nature–nurture issue

 
The issue of the degree to 
which environment and heredity infl uence 
behavior (Module 35).

need for achievement

 
A stable, learned charac-
teristic in which a person obtains satisfaction by 
striving for and attaining a level of excellence 
(Module 30).

need for affi liation

 
An interest in establishing 
and maintaining relationships with other peo-
ple (Module 30).

need for power

 
A tendency to seek impact, 
control, or infl uence over others and to be seen 
as a powerful individual (Module 30).

negative reinforcer

 
An unpleasant stimulus 
whose removal leads to an increase in the prob-
ability that a preceding response will be 
repeated in the future (Module 18).

negative relationship

 
A relationship estab-
lished by data that shows high values of one 
variable corresponding with low values of the 
other (Module 58).

neo-Freudian psychoanalysts

 
Psychoanalysts 
who were trained in traditional Freudian theory 
but who later rejected some of its major points 
(Module 40).