Understanding Psychology (10th Ed)

K E Y T E R M S 
learning p. 175
classical 
conditioning p. 176
neutral stimulus p. 176
unconditioned stimulus 
(UCS) p. 176
unconditioned response 
(UCR) p. 176
conditioned stimulus 
(CS) p. 176
conditioned response 
(CR) p. 176
extinction p. 179
spontaneous 
recovery p. 179
stimulus 
generalization p. 180
stimulus 
discrimination p. 180
1.
Learning; 2.
Pavlov
, classical; 3.
unconditioned stimulus, 
unconditioned response; 
4. conditioned stimulus; 
5.
Extinction
182 Chapter 
6 
Learning
Refer to the passage below to answer questions 3 through 5:
The last three times little Theresa visited Dr. Lopez for 
checkups, he administered a painful preventive immuni-
zation shot that left her in tears. Today, when her mother 
takes her for another checkup, Theresa begins to sob as 
soon as she comes face to face with Dr. Lopez, even before 
he has had a chance to say hello.
3. The painful shot that Theresa received during each visit 
was a(n) 
that elicited the 
, her tears.
4. Dr. Lopez is upset because his presence has become a 
for Theresa’s crying.
5. Fortunately, Dr. Lopez gave Theresa no more shots for 
quite some time. Over that period she gradually stopped 
crying and even came to like him. 
had 
occurred.
R E T H I N K
1. How likely is it that Little Albert, Watson’s experimental 
subject, went through life afraid of Santa Claus? Describe 
what could have happened to prevent his continual dread 
of Santa.
2. From the perspective of an advertising executive: How might 
knowledge of classical conditioning be useful in creating 
an advertising campaign? What, if any, ethical issues arise 
from this use?