Understanding Psychology (10th Ed)

consciousness p. 140
stage 1 sleep
p. 142
stage 2 sleep p. 142
stage 3 sleep p. 142
stage 4 sleep p. 142
rapid eye movement (REM) 
sleep p. 143
unconscious wish fulfi llment 
theory p. 147
latent content of 
 dreams p. 
147
manifest content of 
dreams p. 147
dreams-for-survival 
theory p. 148
activation-synthesis 
 theory p. 
149
circadian rhythms p. 151
daydreams p. 151
E VA LU AT E
1.
is the term used to describe our understand-
ing of the world external to us, as well as our own internal 
world.
2.
A great deal of neural activity goes on during sleep. True 
or false?
3. Dreams most often occur in 
sleep.
4.
are internal bodily processes that 
occur on a daily cycle.
5. Freud’s theory of unconscious 
states that the actual wishes an individual expresses in 
dreams are disguised, because they are threatening to the 
person’s conscious awareness.
6.
Match the theory of dreaming with its defi nition.
1. activation-synthesis theory
2. dreams-for-survival theory
3. dreams as wish fulfi llment 
a. Dreams permit important information to be repro-
cessed during sleep.
b. The manifest content of dreams disguises the latent 
content of the dreams.
c. Electrical energy stimulates random memories, which 
are woven together to produce dreams.
R E T H I N K
1. Suppose that a new “miracle pill” allows a person to func-
tion with only one hour of sleep per night. However, be-
cause a night’s sleep is so short, a person who takes the 
pill will never dream again. Knowing what you do about 
the functions of sleep and dreaming, what would be some 
advantages and drawbacks of such a pill from a personal 
standpoint? Would you take such a pill?
2. From the perspective of an educator: How might you use 
the fi ndings in sleep research to maximize student 
learning?