Chapter XII
Principle 9
Experimentation
Explore Outside Your Comfort Zone
Results? Why, I have gotten lots of results! I know several thousand things that won’t work.
—Thomas Edison
I
f you were to read his story without seeing his art, Vincent van Gogh would
be the last person you would expect to become one of the most famous
painters of all time. He started at a late age, twenty-six. Art is a field of
precocity, and famous masters typically display their gifts early. Pablo
Picasso’s cubist style, for example, came out of his already being able to
paint realistically as a child, allowing him to boldly declare that it had taken
him “four years to paint as Rafael, but a lifetime to paint like a child.”
Leonardo da Vinci was apprenticed as a painter in his teens. One story has
him, as a youth, painting a monster on a peasant’s shield only to have it
resold to the duke of Milan. Salvador Dalí had his first exhibit before his
fourteenth birthday, already showcasing the talent that would make him
famous. Van Gogh, in contrast, was delayed and did not possess any obvious
signs of ability. It was only after failing as an art dealer and minister that he
picked up the brush. An art seller and family friend, H. G. Tersteeg, believed
his artistic aspirations were put on to mask his laziness. “You started too
late,” he declared. “Of one thing I am sure, you are no artist. . . . This
painting of yours will be like all the other things you started, it will come to
nothing.”
1
Worse than the fact that he started late, however, was that van Gogh
simply wasn’t very good at drawing. His drafting was crude and childlike.
When he finally convinced models to sit for portraits—no small task in light
of the Dutchman’s famously difficult personality—it took him many attempts
to get anything resembling a likeness. While in a brief stint at a Parisian
atelier, he even studied next to future leaders of the Post-Impressionist
movement, such as Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. However, unlike the
effortless quality with which Toulouse-Lautrec captured the likeness of a
scene with a few flicks of his wrist, van Gogh struggled. “We considered his
work too unskillful,” one classmate recalled. “His drawings had nothing
remarkable about them.”
2
In the end, his inability to fit in with his classmates,
lack of talent, and off-putting manners had him leaving the studio after less
than three months.
His late start and lack of obvious talent were compounded by his
temperament. Nearly everyone who entered his life would eventually reject
him, as his manic enthusiasm and fraternal solidarity would inevitably sour
into bitter fights with nearly every person he met. Near the end of his life, he
was routinely placed in mental asylums, varyingly diagnosed with disorders
from “acute mania with generalized delirium” to “a kind of epilepsy.” His
outbursts, or “attacks,” as he referred to them, alienated him from people who
could potentially serve as his peers, mentors, and teachers. As a result,
despite having attempted formal schooling, van Gogh was largely self-taught,
capturing only brief moments of more traditional education in the moments
during which he could hold on to friendships before pushing people away.
It was van Gogh’s mysterious and untimely death that cut short the artistic
career that was so late to begin. At thirty-seven, he died of a bullet wound to
the stomach. Although his death was suspected to be a suicide, his
biographers Steven Naifeh and Gregory White Smith consider accident or
foul play more likely; he may possibly even have been shot by one of the
village youths who played pranks on him and called him the
fou roux
, or
“crazed redhead.”
In spite of all this, van Gogh has become one of the most famous painters
of all time.
The Starry Night
,
Irises
, and
Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers
have
become icons. On four separate occasions, a van Gogh piece has become the
most expensive painting ever sold, including his
Portrait of Dr. Gachet
,
which was sold for more than $82 million.
3
Van Gogh’s signature swirls of
color, thick impasto application, and strong outlines have made many people
consider his paintings some of the greatest of all time.
How can we explain these discrepancies? How does someone who starts
late, with no obvious talent and many handicaps, nonetheless become one of
the world’s greatest artists, with one of the most recognizable and distinctive
styles? To understand van Gogh, I want to turn to the ninth and final principle
of ultralearning: experimentation.
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