Учебное пособие в систематизированном виде содержит необходимые для изучения курса лексикологии английского языка вспомогательные материалы: планы семинаров, определения основных понятий и терминов на английском и русском языках, темы курсовых

The Semantic level is aimed at establishing the word's semantic structure or the type of meaning in which the word under analysis is used in a given context.

e.g. Sense is a polysemantic word (enumerate its meanings). Contemptuous is a monosemantic word.
Ear is a polysemantic word. He's got a musical ear. In this sentence it is used in one of the secondary, figurative, abstract, wide meaning, which is a re­sult of a shift (semantic change), inetonymic in nature the name of the organ of hearing is used as the name of its power or faculty. Cause - extralinguistic (need of naming a new concept). Result - extension of meaning.

5. 
   The Stylistic level is aimed at establishing the stylistic coloring of the word.
   

e.g. Nourishment is a word of literary style.
Baccy (curtailment of “tobacco”) is a word of colloquial style.
Threat is a word of neutral style. Not all the words in the assignment are equally interesting on all the five levels of analysis, e.g. Ear presents no interest either on the derivational or on the morphemic levels. It is certainly of greatest interest on the semantic level. Challenge is of interest only on the etymological level, while baccy should be examined on the derivational, morphemic, etymo­logical and stylistic levels.
Pairs of words opposed to one another can be:

1. 
   synonyms - confusion: mess;
   
2. 
   antonyms - accept: refuse;
   
3. 
   etymological doublets - scar: share;
   
4. 
   homonyms - see (v.): sea (n.). Word-groups can be either free, e.g. to try on a dress, or phraseological, e.g. to serape through an examination. In the analysis of synonyms students are expected to try whether they are purely ideo­graphic or ideographic-stylistic synonyms and prove it. In the analysis of anto­nyms they should be referred to as either absolute or derivational antonyms.
   

In the analysis of etymological doublets both words should be traced to the common source and the particular development of each should be discussed to explain their difference in Mn English.
Word-groups can be either free, e.g. to try on a dress, or phraseological, e.g. to scrape through an examination. In a free word-group students are ex­pected to show the patterned character of its structure permitting, a substitution of its elements within the given pattern as well as its complete motivation. Free word-groups of the “stone wall” type are to be analysed by way of contrast with compound nouns and with their attributive word-groups. In a phraseological unit it is necessary to show all its features in keeping with the definitions: stability, lack of motivation (idiomaticity), semantic and grammatical indivisibility, lack of structural integrity, as well as its place in the classifications of different scholars.
Термины, подлежащие усвоению

1. 
   Lexicology, vocabulary, diachronic/ synchronic study, syntagmatic/ paradigmatic relations, paradigm, common words, neologisms, archaic, obsolete words, phoneme, morpheme, phrase, facet, referent, concept, motivation, sound symbolism, onomatopoeia, folk etymology/ wrong motivation.
   
2. 
   Etymology, word-stock/ basic stock, language cross, borrowed/ loan words, native words, Common Germanic, General Indo-European, layer/ stratum, etymological doublets, etymological hybrids, toponyms, semantic borrowings, translation loans, borrowings proper, barbarisms, translator’s false friends, inter­national words, assimilation, degree of assimilation.
   
3. 
   Semasiology, semantics, pragmatics, polysemy, metaphor, metonymy, extension/ broadening, narrowing, elevation/ amelioration, degradation/ deteriora­tion, antonomasia, contiguity, similiarity, lexical meaning, grammatical meaning, denotative, significative, demonstrative, connotative meaning, ellipsis, semantic change.
   
4. 
   Word-building, affixation, shortening, reversion, conversion, com­pounding, postpositivation, blending, abbreviation.
   
5. 
   Homonymy, perfect homonyms, homophones, homographs, lexical, grammatical, lexico-grammatical homonyms; synonyms, total ideographic, terri­torial, stylistic synonyms, synonymic dominant; antonyms, antonyms proper, conversives, complementaries; euphemisms, dysphemisms, hyponyms, hyperonyms.
   
6. 
   Phraseology, phraseological units/ idioms, phrasal verbs, proverbs, phraseological combinations, unities, fusions, nominative, communicative, nominative-communicative, intergectional ph.u-s.
   
7. 
   International language, proper, historical americanisms, dialects, sociolect, pidgin, droll, cockney, Black English/ Ebonics.
   
8. 
   Lexicography, dictionary, encyclopedic D., linguistic D., general D., restricted D., monolingual D., multilingual D., explanatory D., translation D., specialized D., phraseological D., D. of new words, of slang, of word-frequency, usage D., reverse D., pronouncing D., etymological D., ideographic D., entry, article of a D.
   

Примерные вопросы к экзамену

1. 
   The world as a basic language unit, a dialectical unity of form and content.
   
2. 
   Motivation of words.
   
3. 
   The etymological characteristics of the vocabulary of Modern English. Native and borrowed words.
   
4. 
   Borrowing in the English vocabulary. The three main sources of borrowings. Causes and ways of borrowing.
   
5. 
   Assimilation of borrowed words. Translation loans. Etymological doublets and hybrids. International words.
   
6. 
   Meaning as the inner facet of the word. Types of meaning. Compo­nents of lexical meaning.
   
7. 
   Semantic change: causes, nature, result.
   
8. 
   Polysemy. The semantic structure of a polysemantic word.
   
9. 
   Ways of development of polysemy.
   
10. 
    Informal vocabulary of the English language Colloquial words. Slang.
    
11. 
    Shortening as a word-building process in modern English. Abbrevia­tions and acronyms.
    
12. 
    Conversion as a specifically English word-building process.
    
13. 
    Word-combination (compounding) as a word-building process in modern English. Types of compound words.
    
14. 
    Affixation as a word-building process in modern English. Prefixes and suffixes, their classification, productivity and etymology.
    
15. 
    Minor ways of word-building: blending, back-formation, vowel and consonant interchange, stress interchange.
    
16. 
    Ways of enriching the English vocabulary: productive word-building process, semantic change, borrowings.
    
17. 
    Homonyms and their classifications. Sources of homonyms in English.
    
18. 
    Synonyms, their classifications. Sources of synonymy in the English language.
    
19. 
    Antonyms. Classes of antonyms in English. Their role as expressive means.
    
20. 
    Classifications of phraseological units.
    
21. 
    General characteristics of the English language.
    
22. 
    Formal vocabulary of the English language. Learned words. Profes­sional terms. Historisms.
    
23. 
    Free word-combinations, words and phraseological units: points of similarity and difference.
    
24. 
    The specific features of the American variant of English. Territorial variants.
    
25. 
    Black English Vernacular (the Ebonics).
    
26. 
    Main types of dictionaries.
    
27. 
    Main structural components of a dictionary.
    
28. 
    Computing lexicography.
    
29. 
    Proverbs, the problem of their classification. Phrasal verbs.
    
30. 
    World English, its variants and varieties.
    
31. 
    Australian, Canadian and South African (Indian) English, Asian English.
    

Примерный список тем курсовых проектов

1. 
   Лексико-синтаксические особенности языка англоязычных форумов.
   
2. 
   Гендерные особенности использования экспрессивных языковых средств.
   
3. 
   Французские заимствования в лексике английского языка.
   
4. 
   Заимствования в современном языке моды (на материале англий­ского языка).
   
5. 
   Концепт «гламур» и его реализация в английском языке.
   
6. 
   Невербальные средства коммуникации: лингвистический аспект (на материале английского языка).
   
7. 
   Вторичная номинация как способ пополнения лексики английского языка.
   
8. 
   Прагматический аспект аббревиации.
   
9. 
   Словослияние как современная тенденция английского языка.
   
10. 
    Специфика употребления идиоматических выражений в полити­ческом дискурсе.
    
11. 
    Фразеологизмы с компонентом цветообозначения в английском и русском языках.
    
12. 
    Вербализация концепта «успех» в английском языке.
    
13. 
    Лексико-семантический анализ синонимичных глаголов «движе­ние» в английском языке.
    
14. 
    Фразеологические единицы, обозначающие работу, в английском языке.
    
15. 
    Английские устойчивые обороты с компонентом числительным.
    
16. 
    Анализ названий английских и американских фильмов и их пе­реводов на русский язык.
    
17. 
    Полисемия и омонимия в средствах массовой информации (на материале английского языка).
    
18. 
    Прагматический аспект полисемии в рекламных текстах.
    
19. 
    Метафорический перенос в наименовании географических реалий.
    
20. 
    Сравнительный анализ ФЕ с компонентом-фитонимом в русском и английском языках.
    
21. 
    Лексико-семантические особенности английской детской поэзии.
    
22. 
    «Ложная этимология» как результат наивного восприятия мира.
    
23. 
    Этимология названий австралийских штатов.
    
24. 
    Пословицы и поговорки в названиях американских и британских фильмов.
    
25. 
    Дубликация как средство создания новых слов в английском языке.
    
26. 
    Актуализация внутренней формы сложносоставных слов с ком- понентом-фитонимом.
    
27. 
    Исследование глаголов лексико-семантического поля «эмоция» в английском языке.
    

Dialogue decoding (page 44)

• 
  AUOK, M8?
  
• 
  Gr8, F2T. Cm ASAP
  
• 
  DK, mb L8r
  
• 
  ILBL8 4 skol
  
• 
  KC. ILW8 4U
  
• 
  IOU
  
• 
  CUTNTE
  
• 
  Are you OK, mate?
  
• 
  Great, free to talk. Call me as soon as possible.
  
• 
  Don’t know. Maybe later.
  
• 
  I’ll be late for school.
  
• 
  Keep cool. I’ll wait for you.
  
• 
  I owe you.
  
• 
  See you tonight.