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1 an adult human female. 2 the female sex; any or an average woman (how does woman differ from man?). 3 colloq. a wife or female sexual partner. 4 (prec. by the) emotions or characteristics traditionally associated with women (brought out the woman in him). 5 a man with characteristics traditionally associated with women. 6 (attrib.) female (woman driver; women friends). 7 (as second element in comb.) a woman of a specified nationality, profession, skill, etc. (Englishwoman; horsewoman). 8 colloq. a female domestic help. 9 archaic or hist. a queen’s etc. female attendant ranking below lady (woman of the bedchamber). □ woman of the streets a prostitute. women’s lib colloq. = women’s liberation. women’s libber colloq. a supporter of women’s liberation. women’s liberation 1 the liberation of women from inequalities and subservient status in relation to men, and from attitude causing these. 2 (also women’s liberation movement) = women’s movement a broad movement campaigning for women’s liberation and rights. women’s rights rights that promote a position of legal and social equality of women with men. □ womanless adj. womanlike adj. [OE wifmon, - man (as WIFE, MAN), a formation peculiar to English, the ancient word being WIFE] (The Oxford English Reference Dictionary / ed. by J. Pearsall, B. Trumble. - 2nd ed. - Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1996. - P. 1662).
woman /wumon/ noun (pl. women /wimin/)
1 [C] an adult female human: men, women and children ◊ a 24-year-old woman ◊ I prefer to see a woman doctor. 2 [U] female humans in general: (informal) She’s all woman! (= has qualities that are typical of women) 3 [C] (in compounds) a woman who comes from the place mentioned or whose job or interest is connected with the thing mentioned: an Englishwoman ◊ a businesswoman ◊ a Congresswoman ◊ a horsewoman ^ note at GENDER 4 [C] a female worker, especially one who works with her hands: We used to have a woman to do the cleaning. 5 [sing.] (old-fashioned) a rude way of addressing a female person in an angry or important way: Be quiet, woman! 6 [C] (sometimes disapproving) a wife or sexual partner: He’s got a new woman in his life. - see also FALLEN WOMAN, KEPT WOMAN, OTHER WOMAN IDM be your own man/woman to act or think independently, not following others or being ordered: Working for herself meant that she could be her own woman. - more at HEART, HELL, HONEST, MAN n., PART n, POSSESSED, SUBSTANCE, WORLD (Hornby, A.S. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English / A.S. Hornby; ed. by S. Wehmeier (chief ed.) [et al.]. - 7th ed. - Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2005. - P. 1755).
woman noun
Adj. young | middle-aged | elderly, old, older The thief tricked his way into an elderly woman’s home. ◊ Older women often have difficulty conceiving. | adult, grown The little girl she remembered was now a grown woman. | married | single, unattached, unmarried | widowed | divorced | pregnant | childless | business (also businesswoman), career, professional, working | non-working | attractive, beautiful, good-looking, handsome, pretty | desirable | well- dressed | plain, ugly | motherly | hysterical | decent, good, kind |evil, wicked | battered a hostel for battered women | the other Jean Menkes plays the president’s wife and Fiona Handley plays the other woman (the one the President is having an affair with).
VERB + WOMAN depict, portray, present, show We want to change the way women are depicted in the media. | limit, reduce Women are limited to the more poorly paid jobs. ◊ Women are reduced to merely playing a passive role.
PHRASES the position/role of women There were important changes in the position of women in society. a woman of the world He saw her as the woman of the world who could offer him advice. women’s lib/liberation (becoming old- fashioned) The freedom to wear trousers became a symbol of women’s liberation. the women’s movement, women’s rights (Oxford Collocations Dictionary for Students of English. - Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2002. - P. 879).
woman [wuman] n. 1. женщина; my good ~ милая; kept ~ содержанка; the little ~ (joc., my wife) женушка, хозяйка; old ~ (lit.) старуха; (coll., wife) жена, хозяйка; the ‘other’ ~ (in sexual triangle) любовница, разлучница; single ~ незамужняя женщина; ~ of the town уличная женщина; ~ of the world светская/бывалая женщина; play the ~ вести (det.) себя как баба; a ~’ place in the home место женщины дома (or у очага); women’s rights женское равноправие; man born of ~ (bibl.) смертный; рожденный женщиной. 2. (femininity): there is little of the ~ in her в ней мало женственности; all the ~ in her rebelled вся ее женская суть восстала против этого. 3. (coll., charwoman): daily ~ приходящая домработница, 4. (arch. female attendant) камеристка, фрейлина. 5. (illicit sexual partner) любовница.
(man with feminine characteristics) баба; he is an old ~ он настоящая баба; ~ doctor женщина-врач; ~ friend подруга, приятельница.
cpds. womenfolk n. pl. женщины (f pl.); (of household) женская половина; ~- hater n. женоненавистник; ~ kind n. женщины (f. pl.); женская половина; ~- servant n. служанка. (The Oxford Russian Dictionary: Russian- English/English-Russian / rev. and updated by C. Howlett. - Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1997. - P. 1329).
woman wu-mon pl. women wi-min
adult female human being; female servant. OE. wifman (n) m., later fem., f. wif woman + man (n) MAN; a formation peculiar to Eng. not in the oldest OE. records, the primitive words being wif WIFE and cwene QUEAN; assim. of -fm- to -mm- is evident in late OE. sp. (cf. LEMAN) and rounding of wim- to wum-, wom- in XIII. wo-manish. XIV (ch., Gower). wo-mankind. XIV. wo-manly. XIII (AncrR.). wo-manize emasculate XVI; consort XIX. (The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology / ed. by C.T. Onions. - Oxford: AT the Clarendon Press, 1996. - P. 1011).
WOMAN, n. 1562e (West, M. A General Service List of English Words with Semantic Frequencies and a Supplementary Word-List for the Writing of Popular Science and Technology / M. West. - Longman, 1959. - P. 571).
WOMAN (wum on) World Organization for Mothers of All Nations (The Oxford Dictionary of Abbreviations. - 2nd ed. - Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1998. - P. 390).
WOMAN World Organization for Mothers of All Nations Всемирная организация матерей (Волкова, Н.О. Англо-русский словарь сокращений / Н.О. Волкова, И. А. Никанорова. - 3-е изд., стер. - М.: Рус. яз., 2000. - С. 459).
Theme 4
PROPERTIES OF THE LINGUISTIC SIGN
Если бы знаки были неподвижны и каждый из них выполнял только одну
функцию, язык стал бы простым собранием этикеток. Но также
невозможно представить себе язык, знаки которого были бы подвижны
до такой степени, что они ничего бы не значили за пределами
конкретных ситуаций. Из этого следует, что природа лингвистического
знака должна быть неизменной и подвижной одновременно. Призванный
приспособиться к конкретной ситуации, знак может измениться
только частично;и нужно, чтобы благодаря неподвижности другой
своей части знак оставался тождественным самому себе.
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