Учебное пособие для студентов очной формы обучения направлений подготовки

1. Machiavelli 
The Prince
 (1513) 
a) You have to be cleverer than your opponent, sometimes using force or trickery. 
b) You have to kill your opponents. 
2. Marx and Engels 
The Communist
 Manifesto (1848) 
a) The Communist Party will dominate the world. 
b) The working class will rise up and take power from the bourgeoisie, creating a 
utopia of equality and brotherhood. 
3.Taylotism (1911) 
a) A ‗scientific‘ approach to management based on measuring time, performance and 
output and relating these to wages and salaries. 
b) A system of management based on friendly co-operation between managers and 
workers. 
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4. Hawthorne studies (1924-1932) 
a) Studies showing that factories produce more if workers are put under increased 
pressure. 
b) Studies showing the relationships between management and workers are very 
important in getting the best performance. 
5. Elton Mayo (1930s) 
a) The idea that social needs and relationships are very important factors in the 
workplace. 
b) The belief that workers should be able to control the work environment. 
6. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (1942) 
a) The idea that people have needs which motivate their performance. Once a need is 
met, it is no longer motivating. 
b) The idea that workers and managers have the same needs and have to co-operate. 
7. Systems approach (1950s and 60s) 
a) Belief that organizations consist of many parts and management has to help each 
part to work both individually and as part of the whole organization. 
b) Belief that a company is a single organization. Managing the single organization 
from the top brings success.