Type: Portfolio

Unit 2 – Understanding english grammar

Level 5 Credits 5 GLH 27

1. 
   Understand word classes and their uses in English grammar
   

This assignment addresses assessment criteria 1.1

1.1 Analyse the functions of, word classes. Then complete the following exercise.

In my opinion, if we are not a linguist, it is probably not worth delving into the terms. You just need to know that the grammatical category affects how the word and other words associated with it change. For example, consider the category of number (number) of the noun cat. It can have two meanings: singular and plural (singular and plural). Knowledge of grammatical categories (number, gender, voice, etc.) allows you to correctly build relationships between words.

My cat is hungry.

Two of her cats are black.

In the first example, the noun appears in the singular, so it has the form cat and the verb to be, combined with it, takes the form is. In the second case, the plural is used. This meaning of the grammatical category changes the word cat itself to cats, and to be to are.

There are more than twenty grammatical categories in the English language. We will look at the main ones. Everyone who studies English grammar should know them. Number

The number is a category of nouns and pronouns. It can be expressed in terms of singularity and plurality. Nouns in the singular have an initial form; in the plural, the ending -s, -z, -es is added to them. In rare cases, the meaning of the plural is expressed by the alternation of vowels: woman - women, foot - feet, etc.

Most nouns can have both meanings of the number, but several words are used only in the singular (news) or in the plural (trousers, scissors).

This is another category of nouns and pronouns. Unlike the Russian language, English grammar has much fewer cases. There are four pronouns:
nominative (subjective) - when the pronoun is the subject - I, you, he, she, it, we, they,

objective (objective) - for pronouns as additions - me, him, her, you, us, them. Possessive (possessive) - to indicate ownership - my, your, his, her, its, our, their, mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs.

Nouns in English have two cases:

common (common) - boy, teacher, hair,

possessive (possessive) - formed using 's for the singular and just an apostrophe' for the plural - girl's, classmate's, car's / directors', pupils' (if the plural form is not formed according to the rule, then 's - women's is used).

Genus (Gender)

In Old English, as in Russian, there was a category of grammatical gender, which was inherent in all words. With the development of the language, only the category of the gender corresponding to the gender remained, which is characteristic only for pronouns. It should be noted that all court names retained the feminine category. In colloquial speech, animals also acquire a genus.

There are three gender meanings for pronouns:

masculine (male) - he, him, his,

feminine (female) - she, her, hers,

neuter (middle) - it, its.Time (Tense)

The category of tense belongs to verbs. Linguists usually distinguish between two meanings of time in English:

past (past) - most verbs are formed with -ed, but there are also irregular verbs - worked, did, was, were, slept,

present (present) - work, do, am, is, are, sleep.

Most often, the future tense is not distinguished in English. Most experts believe that there are only special constructions for denoting actions and events that will occur after the present moment.The comparative and superlative degrees of monosyllabic and some disyllabic adjectives and adverbs are formed using the suffixes -er and -est. If the word has two or more syllables, the auxiliary words more and most are most often used.
Look at the sentence below and identify the 15 parts of speech using the key given. You will need to use some of the abbreviations more than once.
A really good teacher thinks hard about likely errors and then he/she plans the lesson carefully.