Translation of homonyms, synonyms and antonyms

Galius Caecillius Plinius Secundus (61-112 AD) was a Roman writer and a polymath. He points out that it is very beneficial to translate from Greek into Latin and from Latin into Greek. The vocabulary of both languages is rich. Stylistic figures and resources can be used for further development. The translator does not use the beautiful features of the text.

Touching upon the Greek-Roman Antiquity, we open a really inexhaustible world of Greek-Roman culture for ourselves. The universal gift of a small Greek nation gave them the highest place in the history. Roman culture, subjected to the influence of Greek culture, gave the world the highest standards of poetry, prose, and architecture. Despite the lost of Greek-Roman heritage, one can get more information about the Greek-Roman Antiquity than about any other ancient civilization. Beginning from the Renaissance, lots of books were written about Greek-Roman culture and history.

Other countries could not achieve the level of Greek-Roman people for thousands of years after the downfall of the Greek-Roman Antiquity. Many Greek-Roman standarts of literature, art, and philosophy are set to be as a unique and invaluable cultural heritage.

Ancient Greek culture was preceded by Crete-Mycenaean civilization. It achieved the highest level of development in the XIII BC. No other ancient civilization but Greece had such great literature. During hundreds of years up to the I BC when the Roman growth was observed, Greek literature could not be compared with literature of other nations. The translation into Greek was not developed well. From the III BC we find out the translation, made during the epoch of Alexander the Great though Greek colonization of Mediterranean began before the foundation of Greek-Macedon Empire.

We don’t know any work of literature of classical and early Hellenestic time in the Greek language that is a translation. One of the reasons of bad translation activity is widespread of the Greek language at the beginning of Hellenestic period (the end of IV BC). The Greek language was set so firmly that after conquering those lands by Romans the language was not forsed out by Latin. Romans(merchants,soldiers,officials) often used the Greek language, speaking with Karphagen , Egyptian, Syrian, Jewish and other peoples. The Greek and Latin languages were penetrated far into East. Some Indian kings knew the Greek language too. Such Roman historians as Pobilious, Diode ,Appyan, Gerodian, Phlaviy wrote in Greek.