Translate into Uzbek.
Task 2 Text: The Aral Sea
THE ARAL SEA
The
Aral Sea, once the fourth largest lake in the
world, has shrunk by more than half of its surface and
by more than two thirds of its volume. Since 1960 its
water level has fallen by more than 16 meters and its
salinity has increased by more than 15 three times.
The former sea bed is now a barren salt desert.
The shrinkage of the sea is easily explained. The Aral Sea has no outflow so, in the
past, nature kept a balance by replacing the water which evaporates in the
hot sun
(about 60 cubic kilometers each year) with new water brought by its two feeder
rivers the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya. However, the rise in demand for water to
irrigate the cotton crops of Central Asia and to supply the growing population has
led to more and more water being taken from
the Amu Darya, the Syr Darya and
their tributaries. As a result, the natural balance has been broken and the amount of
water reaching the Aral Sea is no longer enough to replace that lost through
evaporation. Consequently, the volume and level of
the sea are decreasing, its
shoreline is retreating, and its salinity is increasing.
The drying up of the Aral sea is one of the world's major
environmental disasters. Not only is the environment around the lake being
destroyed, but the livelihood and health of the people who live there are also being
damaged. The cotton harvest in the fields of the Amu Darya delta is declining since
the reduction in the area of the Sea has changed the local climate and resulted in a
shorter growing season. The fertility of the soil has also been reduced by the salt
blown off the dry seabed. Because of this drop in fertility, farmers use more
chemicals on their land. These chemical fertilizers and pesticides have polluted the
rivers and the Aral Sea itself. Drinking water taken from
these sources is also
polluted. In addition, the air contains salt, dust and pollutants blown from the sea
bed. This pollution of the air and water is causing serious health problems. Many
people suffer from anemia, breathing difficulties and stomach problems including
gastritis. The infant mortality rates increased by 20% from 1980 to 1989 and have
long been the highest in the Republic. Doctors say that these health problems are
due to the bad water and polluted air.
Several international organizations including the UNDP and UNEP are now
helping the Government of Uzbekistan to tackle the problem of the Aral Sea. The
World Bank is giving over $30 million to help save the
Sea and expensive research
projects and international conferences of experts are planned. In fact, there is a
joke that if every expert who visits the Aral Sea brought a bucket of water the
problem could be solved! But for the people of the area it is no laughing matter.
Written in chalk on the side of a ship stuck in the sand near Muynak are the words,
"Forgive us Aral. Please come back!" Whether the Aral is prepared to forgive us is
still an unanswered question.
KEY WORDS
environment
damage
spill
crisis
exceed
extinct
species
marble
cancer
smog
burst
rust
dune
jobless
barren
shoal
shrink
decline
irrigation
livelihood
fertility
harvest
delta
forgive
publicity
campaign
slogan
atrof - muhit
zarar keltirmoq
to’kmoq
tanglik
muhlatidan o’tmoq
kamyob
dorivor o’simliklar
marmar
rak
tutun aralash
portlamoq
zanglamoq
dyuna
ishsiz
unumsiz
sayoz joy
qisqarmoq
qulamoq, inqirozga
yuz tutmoq
irrigatsiya
tirikchilik, kun kechirish
hosildorlik
hosil
delta
kechirmoq
keng ommaga tanishtirish
mavsum
shior
Tarjimasi
Bir paytlar dunyodagi to'rtinchi eng katta ko'l bo'lgan Orol dengizi yuzasining
yarmidan ko'prog'iga va hajmining uchdan ikki qismidan ko'prog'iga qisqardi.
1960 yildan buyon uning suv sathi 16 metrdan ko'proq pasaydi, sho'rligi esa 3 dan
15 barobar oshdi. Sobiq dengiz tubi hozir taqir sho‘r cho‘lga aylangan.
Dengizning qisqarishi osongina tushuntiriladi. Orol dengizining oqib chiqishi yo'q,
shuning uchun o'tmishda tabiat issiq quyoshda bug'lanib ketadigan suvni (har yili
taxminan 60 kub kilometr) ikkita oziqlantiruvchi daryolar - Amudaryo va Sirdaryo
olib keladigan yangi suv bilan almashtirib, muvozanatni saqlagan. . Biroq Oʻrta
Osiyo paxta ekinlarini sugʻorish va oʻsib borayotgan aholini taʼminlash uchun
suvga boʻlgan talabning ortishi Amudaryo, Sirdaryo va ularning irmoqlaridan
suvning tobora koʻproq olinishiga olib keldi. Natijada tabiiy muvozanat buzilib,
bug‘lanish natijasida yo‘qolgan suvning o‘rnini Orol dengiziga yetib boruvchi suv
miqdori yetarli emas. binobarin, dengizning hajmi va sathi kamayib, qirg'oqlari
chekinib, sho'rligi ortib bormoqda.
Orol dengizining qurishi dunyodagi eng yirik ekologik ofatlardan biridir. Nafaqat
ko‘l atrofidagi muhit buzilmoqda, balki u yerda yashovchi aholining hayoti va
salomatligiga ham putur yetmoqda. Amudaryo deltasi dalalarida
paxta hosili
kamayib bormoqda, chunki dengiz maydonining qisqarishi mahalliy iqlimni
o'zgartirib, vegetatsiya davrining qisqarishiga olib keldi. Quruq dengiz tubidan
uchib ketgan tuz tufayli tuproq unumdorligi ham pasaygan. Bu hosildorlikning
pasayishi tufayli fermerlar o'z yerlarida ko'proq kimyoviy moddalar ishlatadilar.
Bu kimyoviy o‘g‘itlar va pestitsidlar daryolar va Orol dengizining o‘zini
ifloslantirdi. Bu manbalardan olinadigan ichimlik suvi ham ifloslangan. Bundan
tashqari, havoda dengiz tubidan uchib ketgan tuz, chang va ifloslantiruvchi
moddalar mavjud. Havo va suvning bunday ifloslanishi sog'liq uchun jiddiy
muammolarni keltirib chiqarmoqda. Ko'p odamlar anemiya, nafas olish va
oshqozon muammolari, shu jumladan gastrit bilan og'riydilar.
Go'daklar o'limi 1980 yildan 1989 yilgacha 20% ga
oshdi va uzoq vaqt davomida
Respublikada eng yuqori ko'rsatkich bo'lib kelgan. Shifokorlarning ta'kidlashicha,
bu sog'liq muammolari yomon suv va ifloslangan havo bilan bog'liq.
Bir qancha xalqaro tashkilotlar, jumladan BMTTD va UNEP Orol dengizi
muammosini hal qilishda O‘zbekiston hukumatiga yordam bermoqda. Jahon banki
dengizni qutqarish uchun 30 million dollardan ortiq mablag' ajratmoqda va qimmat
tadqiqot loyihalari va ekspertlarning xalqaro konferentsiyalarini o'tkazish
rejalashtirilgan. Darhaqiqat, Orol dengiziga kelgan har bir mutaxassis bir chelak
suv olib kelsa, muammo hal bo'lardi, degan hazil bor! Ammo bu hudud aholisi
uchun kulgili narsa emas. Mo‘ynoq yaqinidagi qumga tiqilib qolgan kemaning
chetiga bo‘r bilan yozilgan: “Bizni kechiring Orol, iltimos qaytib keling!” Orol
bizni kechirishga
tayyormi, hozircha javobsiz savol.