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I - he, she ga o’zgaradi. You - I, he, she ga o’zgaradi. Our – their ga o’zgaradi.
My - his, her ga o’zgaradi. Your - my, his her ga o’zgaradi.
Ann says: “Tom has taken my dictionary”. Anna deydi: “Tom mening lug’atimni olgan”
Ann says that Tom has taken her dictionary. Ann lug’atini Tom olganligini aytdi.
My brother has said: “I shall come at 5 o’clock”. Akam aytgan: “Men soat 5 da kelaman”.
My brother has said that he will come at 5 o’clock. Akam soat 5 da kelishini aytgan.
5. So’zlovchi o’z gapini o’zlashtirayotgan bo’lsa kishilik va egalik olmoshlari o’zgarmaydi: I say: “I am ready”. Men dedim: “Men tayyorman”. I say that I am ready. Men tayyorligimni aytdim.
6. Agar ko’chirma gapning bosh gapidagi fe’l Present Simple, Present perfect yoki Future zamonlarida bo’lsa, gapni o’zlashtirganimizda ergash gapdagi zamon o’zgarmasdan qoladi: He says (has said, will say): “I work”. U deydi (degan, deydi): “Men ishlayman”.
He says (has said, will say) that he works. U o’zini ishlashini aytmoqda. (aytgan, aytadi).
Anvar will say: “I am swimming”. Anvar aytadi: “Men cho’milyapman”.
Anvar will say that he is swimming. Anvar cho’milayotganligini aytmoqda.
7. Agar bosh gapda o’tgan zamonlardan biri ishlatilsa, gapni o’zklashtirganimizda ergash gapning zamoni o’tgan zamonga o’zgaradi:
He said: “I go home with my friend”. U dedi: “Men do’stim bilan uyga boraman”.
He said that he went home with his friend. U do’sti bilan uyga borishini aytdi.
8. Ko’chirma gapdagi zamonlar moslashuvi o’zlashtirma gapda quyidagicha bo’ladi:
The Present Indefinite – The Past Indefinite
The Present Continuous – The Past Continuous
The Present Perfect – The Past Perfect
The Present Perfect Continuous – The Past perfect Continuous
The Past Indefinite – The Past Perfect yoki The Past Indefinite ning o’zi.
The Past Perfect – The Past Perfect
The Future Indefinite – The Future Indefinite in the Past
The Future Continuous – The Future Continuous in the Past
The Past Continuous – The Past Perfect Continuous.
The Past Perfect Continuous - The Past Perfect Continuous
9. The Past Simple zamoni ba’zan o’zgarmasdan qolishi ham mumkin. The Past Perfect ga o’zgarishi ham mumkin: He said: “I played chess”. U dedi: “Men shaxmat o’ynadim”.
He said that he played (had played) chess. U shaxmat o’ynaganligini aytdi.
10. Ba’zan ish-harakatning bajarilgan vaqti aniq ko’rsatilgan bo’lsa ko’chirma gapdagi zamon o’zlashtirma gapda ham o’zgarmasdan qolishi mumkin: He said: “I started learning English in 1999”. U dedi: “Men ingliz tili o’rganishni 1999 yilda boshladim”.
He said that he started learning English in 1999. U inglizcha o’rganishni 1999 yilda boshlaganligini aytdi.
11. Mutloq haqiqatlarni ifodalagan ko’chirma gaplardagi zamon o’zlashtirma gapda o’zgarmasligi ham o’zgarishi ham mumkin:
Tom said: “New York is bigger than London”. Tom dedi: “New York Londondan kattaroq”. Tom said that New York is (was) bigger than London. Tom New Yorkning Londondan kattaroqligini aytdi.
Teacher said: “The earth goes round the sun”. O’qituvchi dedi: “Yer quyosh atrofida aylanadi”.
Teacher said that the earth goes (went) round the sun. O’qituvchi yerning quyosh atrofida aylanishligini aytdi.
He said: “I shall go to America next year”. U dedi: “Men kelasi yil Amerikaga boraman”.
He said that he will (would) go to America next year. U kelasi yil Amerikaga borishligini aytdi.
12. Ko’chirma gapda since (buyon) bog’lovchisidan keyin kelgan Past simple zamoni o’zlashtirma gapda ham o’zgarmay qoladi: He said: “I have been learning English since I came to Samarkand”. U dedi: “Men Samarqandga kelganimdan buyon inglizcha o’rganyapman”. He said that he had been learning English since he came to Samarkand. U Samarqandga kelganidan buyon inglizcha o’rganaytoganligini aytdi.
13. Ko’chirma gapdagi Must (kerak) modal fe’li “majburiyat, zarurat” ni ifodalaganda o’zlashtirma gapda had to ga o’zgaradi: My brother told me: “You must send the letter at once”. Akam menga aytdi: “Sen xatni darxol jo’natishing kerak”. My brother told me that I had to send the letter at once. Akam menga xatni darxol jo’natish kerakligini aytdi.
Lekin: Must modal fe’li maslahat yoki iltimosni ifodalaganda o’zgarmay qoladi: He said: “You must go to the doctor. You are seriously ill”. U dedi: “Sen doktorga borishing kerak. Sen jiddiy kasalsan”. He said that I must go to the doctor and I am seriously ill. U meni doktorga borishim kerakligini, jiddiy kasal ekanligimni aytdi.
14. Should, would, ought to, might modal fe’llari o’zlashtirma gapda ham o’zgarmay qoladi: He said to me: “You should not smoke a lot”. U menga dedi: “Sen ko’p chekmasliging kerak”. He said to me that I should not smoke a lot. U menga ko’p chekmasligim kerakligini aytdi.
16. Ko’rsatish olmoshlari va payt ravishlari o’zlashtirma gapda quyidagicha o’zgaradi:
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