Tourism, Security and Safety From Theory to Practice

Table 4
Practices in Crisis Management
Category
Practice
Title
Human 
Firing employees to reduce labor force
Practice 1
resources
Using unpaid vacation to reduce labor force
Practice 2
Decreasing number of working days per week
Practice 3
Freezing pay rates
Practice 4
Replacing high-tenure employees with new employees
Practice 5
Increased reliance on outsourcing
Practice 6
Marketing
Marketing to domestic tourists in joint campaigns with local 
Practice 7
merchants (such as Visa, MasterCard)
Marketing to domestic tourists with focus on specific attributes 
Practice 8
of the location
Price drop on special offers
Practice 9
Reducing list price
Practice 10
Marketing to foreign tourists with specific focus on the location’s 
distinctive features and relative safety
Practice 11
Marketing and promoting new products or services (family events,
Practice 12
catering)
Marketing to new segments (such as ultraorthodox)
Practice 13
Maintenance Cost cuts by limiting hotel services
Practice 14
Cost cuts by postponing maintenance of the building (cosmetics)
Practice 15
Cost cuts by postponing maintenance to the engineering systems
Practice 16
Extending credit or postponing scheduled payments
Practice 17
Government
Organized protest against the lack of government support
Practice 18
Industry-wide demand for governmental assistance with current 
Practice 19
expenses
Industry-wide demand for a grace period on tax payments
Practice 20
Industry-wide demand for a grace period on local tax 
Practice 21
(municipality) payments
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Second, in Proposition 2 we aim to identify the practices that can be grouped
together for both importance and usage. As a reference point, we use the traditional
categories found in the literature (i.e., human resources, marketing, maintenance,
and government). The findings are compared and contrasted against this reference.
Specifically, we assume that both importance and usage practices will follow the
constructs of 
human resources, marketing, maintenance,
and 
government,
that is,
there will be construct validity (see Table 4).
Results
In order to test Proposition 1, Pearson correlation tests were employed on all 116
questionnaires to find the correlation between the level of importance assigned to
the practice and the level of usage of that practice. The results are listed in Table 6
and are presented in a descending order from the highest correlation to the lowest.
First, it should be noted that the correlations are all positive, which suggests that,
at a basic level, there is considerable correspondence between practices’ impor-
tance and usage. The practice that received the highest rank on importance/usage
was freezing pay rate from the human resources category (0.74), followed by post-
poning maintenance from the maintenance category (0.72). The next three were all
practices from the marketing category: reducing list prices (0.70), price drops on
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