Toefl exam Essentials

CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS
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Sentences must have a subject and a predicate and
express a complete thought.
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A subject is the sentence part that tells who or what the
sentence is about.
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A predicate is the sentence part that describes what the
subject is or what the subject is doing.
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A clause is a group of words with a subject and a
predicate.
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An independent clause stands alone and expresses a
complete thought.
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A dependent clause needs an independent clause to
complete its meaning.
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The parts of speech are noun, verb, helping verb,
adjective, adverb, and preposition.
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For subject-verb agreement, the subject of a sentence
must match the verb in number.
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Familiarize yourself with the common pitfalls involving
subject-verb agreement.
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For pronoun agreement, a pronoun and its antecedent
must match in number.
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Know how to identify common pronoun errors and
troublesome pronouns.
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Adjectives describe nouns or pronouns.
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Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
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Review the common grammatical mistakes involving
modifiers and problem modifiers.
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Avoid using two negative pronouns or modifiers in one
sentence.

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