Toefl exam Essentials

participle are formed by adding –ed. If the verb ends with the let-
ter e, just add d. If the verb ends with the letter y, for the past
tense, change the y to an i and add –ed. Here are some examples:
Present Past
Present
Participle
Past
Participle
talk
talking
talked
talked
exercise
exercising
exercised
exercised
multiply
multiplying
multiplied
multiplied
notice
noticing
noticed
noticed
IRREGULAR VERBS
Approximately 150 verbs in English are irregular. They do not
follow the standard rules for changing tense. Irregular verbs fall
into three categories:
■
irregular verbs with the same past and past participle
forms
■
irregular verbs with three distinct forms
■
irregular verbs with the same present and past participle
forms.
The table on the next few pages lists the most common irreg-
ular verbs.

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STRUCTURE
69
Irregular Verbs with the Same Past and Past