To enlighten investors on the impact of these breakthroughs and the opportunities they should create, we began publishing Big Ideas in 2017. This annual research report seeks to highlight

Cancer Therapy Timeline
Gleevec
Gleevec
CAR-T
CAR-T
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
First Human 
Trial Initiated
2001
Therapy Approved
2008
Therapy Approved
2017
Therapy
Approval
TBD
First Human Trial Initiated
2011
First Human Trial Initiated
2015
First Human 
Trial Initiated
1998
Solid Tumor
Liquid Tumor
Therapy Approved
2001
?

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•
Source: ARK Investment Management LLC, 2020 based on data sourced from: The U.S. National Library of Medicine ClinicalTrials.gov.
108
Cell and Gene Therapy: Generation 2
•
Allogeneic cell therapy involves cells 'off the shelf’, 
or donated, whereas autologous cell 
therapy modifies the patient's own cells.
•
One risk of allogeneic therapies is graft vs. host 
disease, causing a patient's immune system to 
attack the newly engineered cells. Despite this risk, 
allogeneic cells can facilitate therapies at earlier 
stages of cancer and reduce costs by an order of 
magnitude.
•
Among gene therapy trials today, 40% of those 
completed and 47% in the patient recruitment 
phase were allogeneic. In ARK’s view, the shift to 
allogeneic trials will continue.
Autologous_To_Allogeneic_Cell_Therapies_53%_60%_100%_47%_40%'>Oncology Trials Are Shifting From Autologous
To Allogeneic Cell Therapies
53%
60%
100%
47%
40%
Recruiting
Completed
Approved
Therapies
Autologous
Allogeneic
Autologous
Allogeneic
Cost, USD
$100,000+
<$10,000
Scalability
No risk of 
cell rejection
Product 
consistency
Ability
to re-dose
Expanded 
access
to the sickest 
patients