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7.
Tazod
Ma’no jihatdan oʻzaro zid, qarama-
qarshi boʻlgan soʻzlarni qoʻllab,
ta’sirchan badiiy timsollar, lavhalar
yaratish [4, 18].
Antithesis
A stylistic device whose two parts
must be semantically opposite to
each other [5, 48].
Rahm qilg‘il bandag‘a, ey shoh, ul
tengri uchun
Kim etar bizni gado, ul sizni sulton
aylagan.
Zahri hajrini berur har dam manga
bu, vaslning
Noʻshini in’om etar mandan oʻzgaga
[4, 18].
Their pre-money wives did not go
together with their post-money
daughters.
If we don't know who gains by his
death we do know who loses by it.
There is Mr. Guppy, who was at first as
open as the sun at noon, but who
suddenly shut up as close as midnight
[5, 48].
8.
Talmeh
Soʻzlovchi (yoki yozuvchi, bayon
qiluvchi) nazm yoki nasrda oʻz
matlabining isboti uchun mashhur
qissaga yo oyatga, yo hadisga, yo
ma’lum masal kabilarga ishorat
qilish [1, 198].
Allusion
An indirect reference, by word or a
phrase, to a historical, literary,
mythological, fact or to a fact of
everyday life made in the course of
speaking or writing [2, 189].
Sango mensiz ne g‘am, jono, ki,
mandek oshig‘ing yuz ming,
Vale Azrodan ayrilmoq, baloi joni
Vomiqdur.
Chun yuzing koʻrdi koʻzum, qildi
vatanning tarkini;
Gulni chun Navroʻz topdi, yodi
Navshod aylamas [1, 199].
Shakespeare talks of the
heraldMercury
New lighted on a heaven-kissing
hill…
For a lieutenant to climb up; but skill
Smooth’d even the Simplon’s steep,
and by God’s blessing
With youth and health all kisses are
heaven-kissing[2, 190]
9.
Ishtiqoq
Lug‘aviy jihatdan bir soʻzdan
boshqa soʻz olish, hosil qilish degan
ma’noni bildiradi va istiloh shundan
iboratki, shoir yoki yozuvchi nasr
yo nazmda bir oʻzakdan hosil
boʻlgan soʻzlarni ishlatadi [1, 52].
Polyptoton
Cognate of words in different cases
[6, 15].
706
Zarrot aro har zarraki bor, zikringa
zokir;
Attor aro har qatraki bor,
hamdingga goʻyo[1,52].
Qilsa zulm ul zolim, elni qilmag‘il, yo
Rab, zabun,
Chun tazallumdur ishim, doim meni
mazlum qil[4, 18].
The Greeks are strong and skilful to
their strength,
Fierce to their skill and to their
fiercenessvaliant;
But I am weaker than a woman’s tear,
Tamer than sleep, fonder than
ignorance,
Less valiant than the virgin in the
night
And skilless as unpractised infancy.
(Troilus and Cressida by William
Shakespeare)
10.
Tadrij
Obrazning barcha xususiyatlari
g‘azalning oxiriga qadar tadrijiy
ravishda ochila boradi, ya’ni
g‘azldagi har bir bayt oldingi baytda
ifodalangan fikrni davom ettiradi,
rivojlantiradi [1, 181].
Gradation
An arrangement of sentences which
secures a gradual increase in
significance, importance, or
emotional tension in the utterances
[2, 219].
Yozlig‘im, eyki, tikarsen, igna
mujgonimni qil,
Naqsh etarda, tori oning rishtai
jonimni qil.
Istasang torin qizil yoxud qaro
qilmoqqa rang,
Koʻz qarosin hal qilib, koʻzdan oqar
qonimni qil.
Gar desang har yon qizil gullar qilay
nusxat anga,
Koʻksum ochib, toza qonlig‘ dog‘i
hijronimni qil… [1, 181]
It was a lovely city, a beautiful city, a
veritable gent of a city.
Ne barrier wall, ne river deep and
wide,
Ne horrid crags, nor mountains dark
and tall [2, 220].
11.
Mubolag‘a
Arab tilida “kattalashtirish”,
“kuchaytirish” ma’nosini bildirib,
adabiy asarda tasvirlanayotgan
badiiy timsol holati yoki haraaktini
boʻrttirib, kuchaytirib ifodalash
san’ati [4, 4]
Hyberbole
A deliberate overstatement or
exaggeration of a feature essential to
the object or phenomenon [2, 178].
Ey gado, hijron oʻtidurkim, aningkim
tobidin,
Zarra-zarra bag‘ri qon boʻlib, erigay
tog‘lar. (Gadoiy)
He was so tall that I was not sure that
he had a face. (O.Henry)
707
Oh ursa, olamni buzar tovushi,
Toʻqson molning terisidan kovushi.
(Fozil Yoʻldosh oʻg‘li) [1, 96].
Those three words conveyed the idea
of Mr.Dombey’s life. The earth was
made for Dombey and Son to trade in
and the sun and moon were made to
give them light. Rivers and seas were
formed to float their ships; rainbows
gave them promise of fair weather;
winds blew for or against their
enterprises; stars and planets in thei
orbit to preserve inviolate a system of
which they were the centre.
(Dickens)[2, 178]
We have included the most commonly used lexical stylistic devices in the Uzbek
and English languages. Their functions and use overlap in many cases. As a way
of an example, istiora in Uzbek can be compared with metaphor. The examples
mentioned above were sipohi umr – the army of life, oy – moon ( Allah; a girl as
beautiful as a moon), andcup of satisfaction.
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