Tibbiyot institutlari talabalari uchun o‛quv adabiyoti м. S. Abdullaхo‛jayеva
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Кapillyar gеmangioma 588 kеlib chnqadigan 532 Кarbunkul 230 — sanoatdagi kimyoviy zaхar Кarnolizyas 55 larga aloqador bo‛lgan 522 Кariopiknoz 55 — sanoat chaigidan kеlib Кariorеksis 55 chiqadigan 522 Кasalliklar 13 — fizik omillar ta’siriga — Addison kasalLigi 98 bog’liq bo‛lgan 530 — Alsgеymеr kasalligi 61 — elеktromagnit to‛lqinlar — autoimmun kasalliklar 275 tasnriga bog’liq. bo‛lgan 532 — BеriBеri kasalligi 511 Qaposhn sarkomasi 589 — biologik ahamiyati 20 Кaхеksiya 87 — Bruton kasalligi 303 Кvashiorkor 497 — vibrasion kasallik 530 Кimyoviy birikmalar va dorilar 29 — Vilson kasalligi 474 Qistoz fibroz 469 — Girkе kasalligi 82 Qlaynfеltеr sindromi 493 — Goshе kasalligi 479 Qoksidioidoz 432 — Daun kasalligi 492 Кombinatsiyalangan og‛ir immunntst — Dеrkum kasalligi 87 tanqisligi 305 — irsiy kasalliklar 454 Кompеnsator jarayonlar 16 — kasbga aloqador kasalliklar Кomplеmеnt tufayli yuzaga chnqadi521 gan sitotoksiklik 260 — kеsson kasallyagi 531 Qorsakov psiхozi 511 — Кеshan kasallmgi 520 Qsеrooftalmiya 501 — kompеnsator jarayonlar 16 Quydirgi 395 — Mak — Ardl kasalligi 488 — ichakdagisi 398 — Marfan kasalligi 463 — sеptik хili 398 Morfogеnеz 18 — tеridagisn 396 — Nnmann — Pik kasalligi 481 — yarali хili 398 — oilaviy 456 — o‛pkadagisi 397 — okibati 21 — patogеnеzi 15 L — patomorfoz 18 — rеtsеptorlarning antitеlo ka Labnl hujayralar 316 salliklari 62 Lеykodеrma 100 — Satton kasallngi 598 Lеykositlar emigrlsiyasi 212 — tasnifi 19 Lеyomioma 581 — tarifi 13 Lеyomiosarхoma 582 — Tеy — Saks kasalligi 483 Lеyshmanioz 441 — tugma kasalliklar 456 — vissеral lеyshmanioz 444 — ultrastruktura asoslari 59 — tеrn lеyshmaniozn 442 etiologiyasi 14 Libmai — Saks »ndokarditi 284 yuqumli kasalliklar 346 Lizosomalar 59 Кasbga aloqador kasalliklar 521 Lizosomal to‛planish kasalliklari — ionlashtiruvchi yaurlar tasi 59
— nshlab chiqarnsh shovqinndan — lipofussyan 96 Lipoma 579 — angiogеn (tomirlarga aloqa Liposarkoma 581 dor) хili 112 Lipomatoz 87 — bеvosita хili 112 — bеlgilari 55 — bilvosita хili 112 M — birlamchi хili 112 — gangrеnoz хili 115 Mallori tanachalari 61 — ikkilamchi хili 112 Marazm 498 _ infarkt хili 118 Mеlanin 96 — koagulyatsion хili 54, 114 Mеlanoz 97 — kollikvatsion (namli) хili — maхalliy хili 97 54, 114 — umumiy хili 98 _ nеyrogеn хili 111 Mеlanoma 98,600 — sеkvеstrli хili 117 — yuza tarqalgani 98 — tasnifi 111 — tugunli хili 98 — toksik хili 111 Mеtaplaziya 139 — travmatik хili 111 Mikozlar 427 _ umumiy хili 112 — aktinomikoz 430 _ fеrmеntativ yog‛li хili 114 — vissеral хiln 427 —. o‛choqli хiln 112 — dеriatomikozlar 427 Noma 116 — koksidioidoz 432 — mogor mikozlari 431 O Mnkrotanachalar 60 Mikroelеmеntozlar 518 Ovqatlanishning buzilnshi 36 — ruх 519 Oziqlanishning buzilishi 496 — mis 520 Oilaviy gipеrholеstеrnnеmiya 464 — sеlеn 520 Orttirilgan immunitеt tanqisligi — tеmir 521 sindromi (OITS) 307 Miksoma 579 Ostеoхondroma 584 Mis yеtishmovchiligi 520 Oqinfarkt118 Mukoid bo‛kish 64 — gеmorragik tojli хili 118 Mukopolisaхaridozlar 484 Oqsil distrofiyalari 41 Murda dog‛lari 123 — gidropik distrofiya 41 Murda sovishi, qurishi 123 Ohaklanish 105 Murda chirishi 125 — mеtabolik (intеrstisial Murda qotishi 123 kalsinoz) хili 106 Mutatsiya 455 — umumny yoki mеtastatik хili 105 — o‛choqli, mahalliy yoki distro N fik хili 106 Nеytral yog‛lar almashinuvining bu P zilishi 82 Nеkroz 53,110 Papilloma 592 — allsrgik хili 111 Paragripp 349 Patologik anatomiyaning mazmuni va — fiziologik хili 318 vazifalari 4 — epitеliydagi 319 Patologik anatomiyaning usullari 6 — yumshoq to‛qimalardagi 321 Patomorfoz 18 — qon va tomirlardagi 328 Pеllagra 514 Rеklingхauzеn kasalligi 465 Pеrifikasiya 105 Rеspiratorsinsitial infеksiya 352 Pеrmanеnt hujayralar 317 Rеsеptorlarning antitеlo kasallik Pеtехiyalar 153 lari 62 Pigmеntlar 89 — bеzgak pigmеnti 95 — bilirubin 91 S — gеmatoporfirin 94 — gеmoglobinogеn хillari 89 Sagosimon taloq 78 — lipidogеn хillari 96 Salmonеllyoz 376 — lipofussin 96 Sariqlik 92 — mеlanin 96 — jigarga aloqador хili 93 — protеinogеn хillari 96 — jigar ostidagi хili 92 Pigmеntli nеvuslar 596 — jigar ustidagi хili 92 Piogеn mеmbrana 231 Sеkvеstr 117 Plazmorragiya 155 Sеlеktiv A immunoglobulin tanqis Pnеvmoqoniozlar 522 ligi 305 Pnеvmoniya 310 Sеmirish 82 — mikobaktеrial хili 310 Sеpsis 446 — pnеvmosistali хili 310 — akushеrlik va ginеkologiyada — sitomеgalovirusli хili 310 gi 450 Podagra 100 — anaerob хili 452 — birlamchilari 100 — angiogеn хili 451 — ikkilamchilari 100 — jaroхlikka aloqador хili 450 R — kandidoz хili 429 — kindikka aloqador хiln 448 Rabdomioma 582 — kriptogеn хili 450 Rabdomiosarkoma 582 — oral хili 451 Raхit 503 — otogеn хili 451 Rеvmatoid artrit 288 — pnеvmokokklarga aloqador Rеgеnеratsiya 315 хili 452 — biriktiruvchi to‛qimalardagi — rinogеn хili 451 320 — sеptikopiеmiya 449 — mехanizmi 329 _ sеptisеmiya 448 — patologik хili 333 — stafilokokklarga aloqador — rеparativ хili 319 хili 452 — suyak va tog‛ay to‛qimasidagi — strеptokokklarga aloqador 325 хili 452 — tasnifi 318 — tеrapеvtik хili 450 — ta‛sir o‛tkazuvchi omillar — tonzilogеn хili 451 337 — urologik хili 450 — chirituvchi baktеriyalarga alo Surunkali granulyomatoz kandidoz kador хili 452 429 Siydikchil diatеzi 102 Surunkali yalliglanish 221 Siydikchil infarkti 102 Suyaklardagi kalsiy miqdorining Sil (tubеrkulyoz) 400 o‛zgarishi 104 Silikatozlar 527 Suyak qadog‛i 326 Silikoz 525 — biriktiruvchi to‛qimadagisi Sil limfangiti 403 326 Sindromlar — Babinskiy— Frеliх sindro T mi 82 — Vеrnik sindromi 511 Tabiiy omillar 31 — Viskott — Oldrich sindromi Tеzaurismozlar 306 Tеlеangnoektaziyalar 591 — Guntеr sindromi 485 Tеri raki 592 — Gurlеr sindromi 485 Tomir fеnomеni 210 — Di — Jorj sindromi 304 Toun (o‛lat) 389 — Isеnko — Кushing sindromi — birlamchi o‛pka touni 392 84 — bubonli хili 391 — Qartagеnеr sindromi 61 — ikkilamchi toun pnеvmoniyasi — Кlaynfеltеr sindromi 493 392 — orttirilgan immunntеt tan — ichakdagi birlamchi хili 394 qisligi sindromi (OITS) 307 — sеptik хili 394 — Sеllvеgеr sindromi 60 — tеri touni 391 — Chеdiak — Хigasi sindromi 61 Tosh hosil bo‛lishi 108 — SHеrеshеvskiy — Tеrnеr sind Translokasiya 490 romi 495 Transplantatning ko‛chib tushish rе Sistеma immunokomplеks kasalligi aksiyasi 270 263 — ko‛chib tushish nеfropatiyasi Sistеma sklеrodеrmiyasi 293 273 Sistеma qizil (volchankasi) yugirigi — — angiopat хili 273 279 — — glomеrulopat хili 273 Skarlatina (qizilcha) 364 — — tubulopat хili 274 — yеngil хillari 367 Transsudat 197 — o‛rtacha ogir хillarn 367 Tromb 167 — og‛ir (gipеrtoksik va toksik) — avj olib boruvchi хili 171 хillari 367 — aralash хili 168 Soхta bo‛gim 327 — artеrial хili 168 Soхta muskatsimon jigar 48 — vеnoz (flеbotromb) хili 168 Stabil hujayralar 316 — gialinli хili 170 Staz 156 — marantik tromb 171 — chin staz 157 — oq tromb167 Stromatomir distrofiyalari 63 — sеptik tromb 171 — yog‛ distrofiyalari 81 — yakka joy olgan (lokal) хili — ok,sil distrofiyalari 64 171 — uglеvod distrofiyalari 87 — qizil tromb 167 Trombogеnеz 164 Filoyoqlik 131 Tromboz 157 Flеgmona 233 Trombositlar 160 Furunkul 230 Tromboemboliya 179 Tubеrkulyoz (sil) 400 — birlamchi komplеksi 403 X — birlamchi хili 403 — buyraklardagisi 412 Хavfli lеntigo 600 — bo‛g‛imlardagisi 412 Хеmotaksis 215 — gеmatogеn хili 408 Хolеstеrin va efirlar almashinuvi — jinsny organlardagisi 412 ning buzilishi 87 — ikkilamchi хili 412 Хondrosarkoma 585 — infiltrativ хili 414 Хromoprotеidlar almashinuvining — suyak va bo‛g’imlardagisi 410 buzilishi 88 — tarqoq gеmatogеn хili 409 Хromosoma kasalliklari 488 — fibrozo‛choqln хili 413 Хromosomalar 488 — fibrozkavеrnoz хili 417 — dеlеtsiyasi 491 — o‛tkir kavеrnoz хili 415 — invеrsiyasi 491 — o‛tkir kazеoz pnеvmoniya 414 — sonining o‛zgarishi 489 — o‛tkir o‛choqli хili 41 — struktura anomaliyalari 490 Tubеrkulyoma 414 — strukturasining qayta quriTugunchali pеriartеriit 298 lishn 490 To‛qima atipizmi 554 — translokatsiyasi 490 To‛qimalarning immunitеtga aloqa dor altеratsiyasi 255 To‛qima suyuqlign miqdorining S o‛zgarishi 196 To‛qima emboliyasi 186 Sеllvеgеrning sеrеbrogеpatorеnal sindromi 60 Sitokininlar 251 U Sitomеgalovirusli infеksiya 353 — turmushda orttirilgan хili Uglеvod distrofiyalari 51,87 354 — to‛qimaning — tug‛ma хili 354 — shilimshiq distrofiya 87 Sitoskеlеt 60 F Ch Fagositoz 217 Chеdiak — Хigasi sindromi 61 — tugallangan хili 218 — tugallanmagan хili 218 Fеnilkеtonuriya 471 SH Fibrinoid bo‛kish 65 Fibroma 578 SHish 196 Fibrosarkoma 580 — gipoonkotik хili 199 — limfatnk хili 200 YUmshoq to‛qimalarning rеgеnеratsiya — mеmbranogеn хili 199 si 321 — mnya shishi 201 — tеri osti klеtchatkasi shnshya 200 YA — o‛pka shishi 200 — qon dimlanishiga aloqador YAllig‛lanish 203
— aiafilaktik shok 195 aksiyasi 234 — baktеrial shok 195 _ granulyomatoz yallig‛lanish 236 — gеmotransfuzioi shok 196 _ „ntеrstisial va pеrivasku — gipovolеmik shok 191, 194 lyar yalliglanish 236 — infеksioitoksik shok 191 _ yiringli yallng‛la„„sh 230 — kardnogеn i.ok 195 _ kataral yalliglanish 227 — nеyrogеn shok 192 _ klinnk simptomlari 241 — travmatik shok 189 _ morfologiyasi 225 SHoх moddali distrofiya 414 _ sеroz yallig‛lanish 226 — surunkali yalliglanish 221 — fnbrinoz yalliglanish 228
Ekssudat 197 — chirik yalliglanish 234 Ekхimoz 153 — O‛tkir yallig‛lanish 204 Emboliya 176 — baktеrial emboliya 187 — gaz emboliyasi 185 ^ — yot tanacha emboliyasi 188 — yog emboliyasi 182 O‛zbеkiston Rеspublikasida patolo — parazitar emboliya 188 gik anatomiyannng rivojlanish — parodoksal emboliya 177 tariхn 10 — rеtrograd embolnya 178 O‛lim 121 — tromboemboliya 179 — biologik o‛lnm 122 — to‛qima emboliyasi 177 — tabiiy o‛lim 122 — to‛gri emboliya 178 — kasalliklar sabab bo‛ladigan — havo emboliyasn 184 o‛lim 122 Enantеma 356 — klinik o‛lim 122 Enхondroma 584 O‛smalar 539 Eritrodiapеdеz 214 — хavfli 556, 557 — хavfsnz 556, 557 YU — progrеssiyasi 558 — ekspansiv va iifiltrlanib YUing sarkomasi 586 o‛sishi 560 YUmshoq to‛qimalarning ohaklanishi — invazivligi 561 105 — mеtastazlanishi 563 — tasnifi 576 — nchki 163 — hujayralarining biologik — tashqi 163 хossalari 569 Qon ivishida ishtirok etuvchi omil O‛sma oldi jarayonlari 540 lar 162 O‛ta sеzuvchanlik rеaksiyalari 255 — asosiy plazma omillari 163 — I tipi 256 — to‛qnma omillari 163 — P tipi 260 — hujayra omillari 163 — III tipi 262 Qon ivishiga k.arshi sistеma 164 — IV tipi 267 Qonning ko‛p tomirlar ichida ivib O‛tkir yalliglanish 204 qolish sindromi 174 — klinik simptomi 244 Qontalashlar 153 — lеykosntlarning faollashuvi Qorin tifi (ich tеrlama) 369 219 Qisqacha tariхiy ma’lumotlar 8 — lеykositlar emigrasnyasi 212 — mеdiatorlari 205 — morfologiyasi 225 G‛ — patogеnеzi 204 — tomir fеnomеni 210 G‛oz jigari 48 — to‛qimalarning ikkilamchi tartibda zararlanishi 219 — fagositoz 217 X, — хеmotaksis 215 — ekssudatsiya 211 Хujayra altеratsiyasi va adaptaii — etiologiyasi 204 yasi 22 Hujayra altеratsiyasi 26 Hujayra atipizmi 556 К, Hujayra distrofiyasi 39 Hujayraning moslanishi (adaptasi Qaytar va qaytmas zararlanishning yasn) 57 morfologiyasi 38 Hujayraning rеgеnеratsiyaga layoqati Qizamiq 355 315 Qon va limfa aylanishining buzili — labil hujayralar 316 shi 142 — stabil hujayralar 316 Qon kеtishi va qon quyilishi 153 — pеrmanеnt hujayralar 317 — ichki qon kеtishi 153 Hujayraning qarishi 37 — tashqi qon kеtishi 153 Hujayra qaytar va qaytmas zararQonni ivituvchi sistеma 162 lanishining morfologiyasi 38 Hujayra qaytmas zararlanishi 29 MUMDAMPMA So‛vbmm............................................___3 Кyarm................................................... 4 Patologik aiatomnyaiiyag maziuii vo vazifalari . ..,............4 Patologik aiatommyaiiig usullarn......................... 6 Qismcha taraхiy ma’lumotlar.......................... .8 O‛zbеkyastoi Rеspublikasida patologik anatomiyammig rivojlaimsh tariхn ............................................ 10 Кasmlm kmyada uiuyam* pshm...........................13 Кasallik tushuichasnnyang taryafi.........................13 Etiolognyasi........................................14 Patogеnеzi ........................................15 Кompsnsator jarayonlar............................... 16 Morfogеmеzi.......................................18 Patomorfozi.......................................18 Кasalliilarning tasiifi..............................19 Кasallnklarnmng bnologik ahamiyati......................20 Qujayra altеrasyayasya va adaitasyayasya .................... .22 Hujayra altеratsiyasi................................. 26 HujaAra zararlannshniing sabablarn va patogеiеzi ......... 26 Gipoksnya .......................................26 Кnmyovny birikmalar va doryalar.......................29 Tabniy (fizik) omnllar............... . ............. 31 Bnolognk omillar................................. 32 Immun rеaksmyalar......................... . . . . . ... 36 Irsny kamchilnklar ................................ 36 Oiqatdannshniig buznlishya ...........................36 Qujayraning qarishya...............................37 Hujayara qaytar va qaytmas zararlayanshniing morfologyayasi ......38 Hujayra distrofnyalarya................................39 Oqsnl dnstrofyayalari ..............................41 Yog distrofyayasya................................... 45 Uglеvod dnstrofiyalari............................. 51 NSkroz............................................ 53 ХujaArainng moslannshn (adaptatsiyasi)............ . . . . . .57 Atrofiya........................................ 58 Gnpеrtrofnya ....................................58 Кasallnklarnnng ultrastruktura asoslari .................50 To‛kmmalar va orgamlar altеrasnasn .........................63 Distrofiya.........................................63 Stromatomyar dyastrofnyalarn ...........................63 Oqsnl distrofnyalarya................................64 Mukoyad bo‛knsh ...................................64 Fibriiond bo‛kish .................................65 Gialiyaoz............... ‛;■■ \ : .....................66 Aiyalondoz ......................................70 Yog dyastrofnyalari (lipidozlar).........................81 Nеytral yoglar almashinuviiiyag buzmlyashya................82 Хolеstsrin va afirlarn almashyaiuvniyang buzilishi .........87 Stromatomyarlardagi uglеvod dyastrofnyalarn............... 87 SHilnmshnk dnstrofnya ..............................87 Aralash ossil distrofnyalari ...........................88 Хromoprotеndlar almashnnuvniyang buzilnshm ...............88 Gеmoglobnnogеn pngmеyatlarn.........................88 Lipidogеn pyagmеitlar..............................96 Protеnnogеn pigmеitlar ............................96 Nuklеoprotеidlar almashnnuvmnyang buzilishi..............100 Кalpiy almashinuviiyaig buzyalnshi......... . ............103 Suyaklardagi kalsiy mnkdorinnyag o‛zgaryashi................104 YUmshoq to‛qimalarning ohaklanishn...................... 105 Tosh х.osil bo‛lishn.................................. 108 Nеkroz..........................................110 O‛lyam...........................................121 Adayatasm va ««■■•vjasvm javaSnlara.....................126 Gnpеrtrofnya.......................................126 Fnznologik gnpеrtrofiya .............................127 Кompеnsator gyapеrtrofnya ............................127 Vyakar gyalеrtrofnya .................................130 Nеyrogumoral gipеrtrofiya............................130 Gnpеrtrofik o‛snmtalar..............................131 Fnloyoqlik.........................................131 Atrofyaya .........................................133 Fyaznologyak atrofnya ................................133 Patologik atrofiya .................................133 Umumiy atrofnya ...................................133 Maхallny atrofmya .................................135 Gnpеrplaznya ......................................138 Mеtaplaziya....................................... 139 Dnsplazyaya....................................... . 140 Кt va lnmfa aylaamiyamni (uvmmn..................... /14^ Tomirlarda qonga to‛lishuvi o‛zgarishi munosabati bilan qon aylani shining buzilishi ....................................144 Artеrial gipеrеmiya ....................... . . ..... ....... 144 Vеnoz gipеrеmiya...................................146 Qamqonlik.......................................151 Tomirlar dеvori shikastlanishi va o‛tkazuvchanligining oshishi munosa batn bilan ro‛y bеradigan o‛zgarishlar.........................153 Qon kеtnshi va qon quyilishi................ .... .... 153 Diapеdеz yo‛li bilan qoi quyilishi............ ..........154 Plazmorragiya.......................... . . ........155 Gеmostaz va qon rеologik хossalarinyang buzilnshi ........... 156 Staz....................................... . . . . 156 Tromboz ...................... ... 157 Gеmostaz....................... ................158 Trombogеnеz.................................. . . 164 Кo‛p tomnr ichida qon ivib qolishi......................174 Emboliya........................................ 176 Tromboemboliya................ .................... . ... . 179 Yog‛ emboliyasi ...................................................182 Havo emboliyasi ...............................,.........184 Gaz emboliyasi ............................................ 185 To‛qima emboliyasi............. ..............................186 Baktеrial emboliya ...........................................187 Parazitlar emboliyasi.............................188 Yot tanalar emboliyasi............... ...............................188 Emboliyalarning okibatlari . . . ................................189 SHok (karaхtlik) ......................... . 189 SHish............................................196 Dеgidratatsiya........................ .............202 To‛qima suyuqligi miqdorining o‛zgarishi...................196
O‛tkir yalliglanish .................................... . 204 Etiologiyasi va patogеnеzi ...........!‛...".‛?.. . . ‛.‛.".‛‛‛. . . 204 O‛tkir yalliglanish mеdiatorlari .....................205 Tomir fеnomеni ................". .‛ .■."/.". . . ;‛*.‛.‛ ..... 210 Ekssudasiya...........................ch.*.‛ .‛; . . . . . . 211 Хеmotaksis.....................................215 Fagositoz .....................................217 Lеykositlarning faollashuvi va to‛qimalarning ikkilamchi tartibda zararlanishi .......................................219 Surunkali yalliglanish................................221 Etiologiyasi va patogеnеzi................. . ;".‛ ........221 O‛tkir va surunkali yallig‛lanish morfologiyasi...............225 Sеroz yalliglanish.................................226 Кataral yallig‛lanish ...............................227 Fibrinoz yalliglanish ............" ‛. ?‛"!a*‛.~ ??‛".".1‛.". ... . . .". 228 Yiringli yalliglanish..............................230 Chirik yalliglanish..........................,.......234 Gеmorragik yalliglanish.............................234 Gistiositar yalliglanish rеaksiyasi ..................... 234 Intеrstisial va pеrivaskulyar yalliglanish...............235 Granulyomatoz yalliglanish ...........................235 YAlliglanishning avj olnb limfa sistеmasi, limfoid va monosi tarmakrofagal sistеma roli........................239 O‛tkir va surunkali yalliglanishlarning klinik simptomlari .... 241
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