‘This is a wonderful book that should be on the desk of every architect and planner. It shows how


So where do we begin to increase and manage ecological spaces?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

So where do we begin to increase and manage ecological spaces?
Urban designers should investigate means of supporting the region’s ecology by considering both 
natural and functional flows between regions and cities [Chapter 8]. It is widely held that the 
heterogeneity and diverse scale of the urban ‘greenscape’ (eg trees, indigenous domestic gardens 
and public parks) and connectivity of urban ecosystems (eg through nature corridors and micro-
habitats) are essential to maintain biodiversity. Open spaces are also essential to provide the flexibility 
to meet changing (public and private) land-use requirements over time. Open spaces that are part 
of major private developments have usually only been ‘decorative’.
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There are many ‘brown field’ 
sites – contaminated and virtually abandoned urban land – that can be, and are being, rehabilitated 
through (public) urban forestry or (private) bioremediation. Of course, remediation by itself is not net 
positive, especially if the sites are converted to non-sustainable development later on. This will require 
the inclusion of biologists and ecologists earlier in urban planning, design and management.
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We 
do not have a profession that protects urban ecosystems from the invasion of ferals, disease, fire and 
other threats to biodiversity. Yet we have many professions built around the repair and maintenance 
of conventional fossil fuel-based equipment and machines. Ecological space will mean employing 
scientists in the positive task of increasing the health of ecosystems, instead of trying to determine 
when species and ecosystems will cross the threshold into oblivion.
Where would this different conception of space lead to?
We have said that urban areas themselves must become ecologically self-sustaining and eco-
productive. Eco-retrofitting is possible, feasible and necessary. However, we need to go beyond a 
linear-reductionist analysis – which reduces space and even living things to units of energy. Design 
is an alternative way of thinking that can provide an antidote to excessive reductionism. It fosters 
synergy, synthesis, symbiosis and synchronicity among otherwise conflicting criteria and values. The 
next section looks at how we might transform conventional design criteria, processes and practices 
towards ecologically sensitive ends. We will begin by re-considering the conventional views of nature, 
environmental impacts and waste, and how these work against sustainable development, let alone 
Positive Development.



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