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How do we reconstruct such problem definitions to create positive solutions?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

How do we reconstruct such problem definitions to create positive solutions?
Let us examine the reasons just listed – the lack of a design culture, avoidance of direct action, failure 
to implement full cost pricing and failure to consider opportunity costs.
Design
An alternative to total reliance on the market is design and innovation. Of course, design solutions 
must work within the given political context and market system. They must also fit into the existing 
physical configuration of land-use and transportation systems. This is a challenge. In this context, 
what appears the cheapest design solution in the market – because it fits the suboptimal systems 
context – is often not very efficient from an ecological and long-term perspective. Good design cannot 
only help to transform society, it can add value to the ecology. The market cannot do this: it only 
adds commercial clutter, glam and glitter. The market is not ‘lean and mean’ in terms of products, 
materials and waste. There is no reason to increase efficiency – or to change the modus operandi 
– if one is doing well through cheaper access to resources, transport and labour, the elimination of 
competition, and/or the transfer of risks and impacts to others [Box 49].
Direct action
Governments are not supposed to ‘intervene’ in the market, today’s ‘altar to the human spirit’. Therefore 
producers and consumers currently use complex and costly institutional incentive mechanisms to 
encourage behaviour change. Of course, indirect incentives and regulations are both part of the mix 
of available solutions, and should be used where ecologically rational and cost effective. However, 
both types of (positive and negative) incentives have unpredictable consequences, due to the potential 
for many intervening forces. There is really no reason for governments not to take direct action to 
fix problems using existing eco-logical design solutions. The only reason not to save resources and 
money by design is blind obedience to an ideology that created the problems in the first place (a 
vicious circle).

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