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Would consolidation work against such eco-logical design improvements?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

Would consolidation work against such eco-logical design improvements?
Not necessarily, but retaining the principles of ‘diverse’ space would probably entail the least risk.
However, the dominant planning approach is to increase mixed commercial and private uses to the 
exclusion of eco-services. We should not confuse ‘intensification’ of human activity with ‘densification’ 
of private spaces and economic functions. The problem is that the design of consolidation proposals 
are usually approached in a reductionist way. Here, the term ‘reductionist’ refers to the way urban 
studies often focus on limited variables or use key variables as ‘surrogates’ for whole classes of 
phenomena. That is to say, they conflate many issues under one concept such as ‘density’. Analyses 
will always involve some reduction, but problems arise when the focus is too superficial (like aerial 
views), or too narrow (like single issue perspectives). These lenses tend to obscure other important 


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Sustainable Urban Form
issues. For example, because transport in general is a major cause of greenhouse gas emissions, and 
private cars constitute a slightly bigger portion of emissions than trucks, truck transport is often 
ignored. Yet, as we will discuss, the impacts of trucks are usually greater per vehicle (and even in total, 
depending on urban design). Also, systems design factors that affect the amount of truck transport 
can be very different from those factors affecting car transport. Efforts to reduce the total impact of 
transportation, by influencing car use through higher residential density, may increase trucking. In 
other words, more trucking may be necessary to bring products, services and food into high density 
areas. Similarly, if our approaches are too ‘linear’, or start from one solution, we may overlook means 
to reduce trucking or increase public transport. Urban food production and compostable building 
materials could, for example, reduce truck transport in and out of cities, while also reducing the need 
to drive to suburban supermarkets for food.

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