383
Notes
3 Werner, C. et al (2004) ‘Ecosan – Closing the loop’, in
Proceedings of the 2nd International
Symposium on Ecological Sanitation
, April 2003, Luebeck, Germany.
4 Crites, R. and G. Tchobanoglous (1998)
Small and Decentralized Wastewater Management Systems
,
WCB McGraw-Hill, Boston, MA.
5 West, S. (2003) ‘Innovative on-site and decentralized sewage treatment, reuse and management
systems in northern Europe and the US’, www.clearwater.asn.au.
6 Ibid.
Box 14
1 See www.greenroofs.com.
2
Johnston, J. and J. Newton (1993)
Building Green: A Guide to Using Plants on Roofs, Walls and
Pavements
, The London Ecology Unit, London.
3 National Research Council (2002) ‘Government of Canada reveals major greenhouse gas
reductions and air quality benefits from widespread use of “greenroofs”’,
Canadian Corporate
News
, 9 October.
4 Kevin Duffy (2004) ‘NASA studies how to cool area as heat builds up’,
Atlanta Journal Constitution
,
18 April.
5 WESTON (2000) ‘Urban Heat Island Initiative pilot project’, energy study for the City of
Chicago.
6 Steinbrueck, P. (2005) ‘Putting a green cap atop the Emerald City’,
The Seattle Times
, 13 January,
referring to a study commissioned by Seattle’s Office of Sustainability and the Environment.
Box 17
1 Dayan, E. (2005) ‘Small scale, building integrated, wind power systems’, information paper, BRE
Centre for Sustainable Development, UK, www.bre.co.uk.
2 Ross, A. (2006) ‘Debunking the myths’,
Refocus
, May/June 2006, pp40–42; see www.eere.energy.
gov/windandhydro/windpoweringamerica/pdfs/wpa/34600_misconceptions.pdf and http://www.
bwea.com/energy/myths.html.
3 www.earthtrack.net.
4 www.nyserda.org/publications/wind_integration_report.pdf.
5 There are community-owned wind generators in Denmark, and Australia is developing its first
community wind power facility.
6 Zhang, Z. and X. Fang ( 2006) ‘Study on paraffin/expanded graphite composite phase change
thermal energy storage material’,
Energy Conversion and Management
, vol 47, no 3, February,
pp303–310.
7
In Australia, people can pay extra for Green Power. Users of brown coal pay less as a reward for
not investing in renewable energy.
8 See Diesendorf, M. (2007)
Greenhouse Solutions with Sustainabile Energy
, University of New
South Wales Press, Sydney, Australia.
9 Ibid.
Box 19
1 In 2005, there were 1 billion sales of personal computers worldwide; the number of used computers
requiring management was 100 million; the number of computers landfilled was 75million; over
2 million tons of e-waste was sent to landfill; and over 780,000 tons of hazardous materials
was recovered from end-of-life computers that will require management.
Source:
Environment
384
Positive
Development
Victoria (2005) ‘Environmental report card on computers 2005 – Computer waste in Australia
and the case for producer responsibility’, Environment Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
2 Australian Bureau of Statistics (2006) www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/
mediareleasesbyCatalogue/FB2F33C170E4987DCA2572210077D0FA?OpenDocument#.
3 Grossman, E. (2006)
High Tech Trash: Digital Devices, Hidden Toxics and Human Health
, Island
Press, Washington, DC.
4 European Commission (2006) http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/reach/reach_intro.
htm.
Box 21
1 For a recent comparison of wood and steel reinforced concrete, see Gerilla, G. P., K. Teknomo
and K. Hokao (2007) ‘An environmental assessment of wood and steel reinforced concrete
housing construction’,
Building and Environment
, vol 42, no 7, pp2778–2784. They note that
using solar energy in building operation amounts to a 73 per cent reduction in total life-cycle
carbon emissions.
2 Morris, D. (2002) ‘ A carbohydrate economy’, in J. Birkeland (ed)
Design for Sustainability: A
Sourcebook of Eco-logical Design Solutions
, Earthscan, London, p200.
3 See Lawson, B. (2002) ‘Assessing building materials’ in J. Birkeland (ed)
Design for Sustainability:
A Sourcebook of Eco-logical Design Solutions
, Earthscan, London, pp225–229.
4 Hildyard, N. (1983)
Coverup: The Facts They Don’t Want You To Know
, New English Library, Kent,
UK.
5 McQuaid, M. (2006)
Shigeru Ban
, Phaidon Press, London.
6 For a steel industry perspective, see Burgan, B. A. and M. R. Sansom ‘Sustainable
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