‘This is a wonderful book that should be on the desk of every architect and planner. It shows how


Surely the thinking of environmental managers is more sophisticated now?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

Surely the thinking of environmental managers is more sophisticated now?
Perhaps, but when an accounting tool is used, there is pressure to tick all the boxes, in spite of 
limited information. For example, the author has heard LCA professionals express the view that if 
the impacts are 
not
known, they should not be added in, as that would create inaccuracies. Thus, 
remarkably, some LCAs have even left out a figure for a suspected toxin because their bio-toxic 
effects are not yet clear. The toxins that are excluded to avoid ‘inaccuracy’ can, however, have 
multiplier effects that nullify the validity of the whole analysis. This could lead to the use of a new 
product or material with unknown risks. While LCA tools are rapidly expanding their databases, 
they cannot capture every element – let alone their interactions. It would be better to avoid the 
use of any questionable chemicals altogether in accordance with the ‘precautionary principle’.
But precaution is still not positive, or proactive [Chapter 12]. The problem is the narrow, linear-
reductionist framework of environmental governance and policymaking that prioritizes mitigation 
over transformation. For example, at time of writing, state and federal governments in Australia 
awarded AU$150 million in subsidies to a ‘clean coal’ (ie less dirty coal) project in Victoria. It will 
purportedly save 30 per cent on greenhouse emissions and 50 per cent on cooling water compared 
to other coal production projects. It will, however, only bring ‘brown’ coal up to the standard of 
black coal. This protectionism is often the rule. Subsidies for research and development support 
for fossil fuels is AU$153 million a year in Australia.
18
The newly elected Labor Government has 


91
Building Rating Tools
promised AU$500 million to ‘clean coal’.
19
Instead, that amount of money could have been spent on 
systems transformation: converting to solar resources and clean energy to save lives and money. 

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