Third section

§ 34, 12 June 2018).
2. Application of the general principles
57. Since the annulment of the applicant’s Russian citizenship did not 
automatically result in the decision to forcibly remove him from Russian 
territory, and since those issues were examined within separate sets of 
proceedings, the Court will examine those issues also separately.
(a) Annulment of citizenship
58. Having noted the existence of various approaches to the examination 
of the issue (see paragraph 53 above), the Court will follow the 
consequence-based approach in determining whether the annulment of the 

---

USMANOV v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT
12
applicant’s citizenship constituted an interference with his rights under 
Article 8 of the Convention (see, 
mutatis mutandis, Denisov v. Ukraine 
[GC], no. 76639/11, §§ 107-09 and 118-34, 25 September 2018). It will 
examine: (i) what the consequences of the impugned measure were for the 
applicant and then (ii) whether the measure in question was arbitrary (the 
same methodology was used in the recent case of 
Ahmadov
(cited above,