Think Again

passions are often developed, not discovered
: Paul A. O’Keefe, Carol S. Dweck, and Gregory M.
Walton, “Implicit Theories of Interest: Finding Your Passion or Developing It?,” Psychological
Science 29 (2018): 1653–64.
Their passion grew as they gained momentum
: Michael M. Gielnik et al., “‘I Put in Effort,
Therefore I Am Passionate’: Investigating the Path from Effort to Passion in Entrepreneurship,”
Academy of Management Journal 58 (2015): 1012–31.
actions that benefit others
: Adam M. Grant, “The Significance of Task Significance: Job
Performance Effects, Relational Mechanisms, and Boundary Conditions,” Journal of Applied
Psychology 93 (2008): 108–24; Stephen E. Humphrey, Jennifer D. Nahrgang, and Frederick P.
Morgeson, “Integrating Motivational, Social, and Contextual Work Design Features: A Meta-
analytic Summary and Theoretical Extension of the Work Design Literature,” Journal of Applied
Psychology 92 (2007): 1332–56; Brent D. Rosso, Kathryn H. Dekas, and Amy Wrzesniewski,
“On the Meaning of Work: A Theoretical Integration and Review,” Research in Organizational
Behavior 30 (2010): 91–127.
we feel we have more to give
: Dan P. McAdams, “Generativity in Midlife,” Handbook of Midlife
Development, ed. Margie E. Lachman (New York: Wiley, 2001).
“they find happiness by the way”
: John Stuart Mill, Autobiography (New York: Penguin Classics,
1883/1990).

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what scientists call open systems
: Ludwig von Bertalanffy, General System Theory: Foundations,
Development, Applications (New York: Braziller, 1969).
open systems are governed
: Arie W. Kruglanski et al., “The Architecture of Goal Systems:
Multifinality, Equifinality, and Counterfinality in Means-Ends Relations,” Advances in Motivation
Science 2 (2015): 69–98; Dante Cicchetti and Fred A. Rogosch, “Equifinality and Multifinality in
Developmental Psychopathology,” Development and Psychopathology 8 (1996): 597–600.