Theoretical study of lacunae and their specification

Key words: lacuna, lexical gap, phenomenon, idiom, concept, foreign words

Introduction. The direct study of the phenomenon of lacunarism in linguistics of the twentieth century developed rapidly from the second half. The term “lacuna” is first used by Canadian linguists J.P.Vine and J.Darbelne put into circulation. They call this phenomenon “a word in one language is in another where there is no alternative, there is always a lacuna " [1]¹In English linguistics, the word "lacuna" means "lexical gap", "lexical hole", “lexical vacancy” are represented by several terms. Among them is "lexical speech" is mostly observed. The word "gap" means "space." It is different attaching determinants to other types of lacunae. For example, “semantic gap”, “cultural gap”. So the word "gap" means "blank place" used as a synonym for the concept. The word "speech" has its own definition and the combinations given with lacuna types (grammatical lacuna, cultural lacuna, etc.). Italian linguists L. Bentivogli and E. Pianta define lacunae as “Lexical lacunarism is a language although a concept is expressed in a lexical unit, it is exactly the same in a second language the concept comes with free word combinations”[2]². To identify lexical variants, first of all, idiom (idiom), limited word combination (limited collocation), free combination of words (free combination) of the need to separate concepts from each other is given in the work of linguist A.P. Kovini. They conclude that structural lexical units of idioms and limited word combinations include lexical lacunae of free combinations of words [3]³. Idiom in Uzbek language - word-idiom", to a limited phrase - "phrase idiom", terms and a free combination of words are called a "free phrase".The term lacuna can be identified from different angles and prospective. As for T.Anokhina, “Lacuna is a signal of the specificity of a particular linguistic community compared to another” [4]⁴.According to T. Anokhina lacuna is a nonexistent concept in one language, culture and society with no corresponding equivalent [5]⁵.Taking into account the views of the scholars as T.Anokhina, we can say that lacuna is interchangeable means of language which connected with culture and society of a certain country.