Theoretical Grammar The subject-matter of theoretical grammar. Its relation to practical grammar

9. Syntax as a part of grammar. Its practical objections and concepts.
Syntax as a part of grammar. Kinds of syntactic theories.
Syntax can in linguistics be described as the study of the rules, or "patterned relations" that govern the way the words in a sentence come together. Syntax attempts to systematize descriptive grammar, and is unconcerned with prescriptive grammar (see Prescription and description).
Transformational-Generative Grammar. The main point of the T-G G is that the endless variety of sentences in a L can be reduced to a finite number of kernels by means of transformations. These kernels serve the basis for generating sentences by means of syntactic processes.
Constructional Syntax. Constructional analysis of syntactic deals with the constructional significance/insignificance of a part of the sentence for the whole syntactic unit. The theory is based on the obligatory or optional environment of syntactic elements.
Communicative Syntax. It is primarily concerned with the analysis of utterances from the point of their communicative value and informative structure.
Pragmatic approach to the study of syntactic units can briefly be described as the study of the way language is used in particular contexts to achieve particular goals. Speech Act Theory was first introduced by John Austin. The notion of a speech act presupposes that an utterance can be said with different intentions or purposes and therefore can influence the speaker and situation in different ways
Textlinguistics studies the text as a syntactic unit, its main features and peculiarities, different ways of its analysis.
Discourse analysis focuses on the study of language use with reference to the social and psychological factors that influence communication.
Basic syntactic notions. Syntactic units, syntactic relations, syntactic connections.
The relation between a unit and other units (inner relations between units). No unit can be used independently; it serves as an element in the system of other units. This kind of meaning is called syntactic. Formal relation of units to one another is studied by syntactics (or syntax). Only inner (syntactic) relations between linguistic units served the basis for linguistic analysis while the reference of words to the objective reality and language users were actually not considered
Syntactic units can go into 3 types of syntactic relations.