Theoretical Grammar The subject-matter of theoretical grammar. Its relation to practical grammar

2) According to the position of the of the active organs of speech consonants are classified into: labial, lingual, glottal.
Lab cons – s are subdivided into:
a) Bylabial; b) Labio-dental.
a) are produced with both lips, they are the Eng [p, b, m, w], the Rus [п, п`, б, б`, м, м`].
b) are articulated with the lower lip against the edge of the upper teeth. They are The E [f, v], the R [ф, ф`, в, в`].
Lingual cons – s are subdivided into:

1. 
   forelingual; b)mediolingual; c)backlingual
   

a) are articulated with the tip or the blade of the tongue, acc to the position of the tip of the tongue they maybe: dorsal, apical, cacuminal. Acc to the place of obstruction forelingual cons – s may be: interdental, dental, alveolar, post – alveolar, palato – alveolar.
Interdent cons – s are articulated with the tip of the tongue projected between the teeth [ð, Ө]. Dental cons – s are articulated with the blade of the tongue against the upper teeth, the R [т, т`, д, д`, с, с`, з, з`, л, л`, ц]. Alveolar cons – s are articulated with the tip of the tongue against the upper teeth ridge, e.g. the E [t, d, s, n, l]. Post – alveolar cons – s with the tip or the blade of the tongue against the back part of the teeth ridge, e.g. [r]. Polato – alveolar cons – s are articul with the tip or the blade of the tongue against the teeth ridge, the front part of the tongue raised towards the hard palate – two places of articulation, or forci, e.g. the E [t∫, dЗ ,∫ ,З] and the R [ш, ш`, ж, ч].
b) Mediolingual are produced with the front part of the tonque. They are always palatal. palatal consonants are articulated with the front part of the tonque raised high to the hard palate, [j].
c) Backlingual consonants are called velar, they are produced with the back part of the tonque raised towards the soft palate [k,g,h,], [х,х’, г,’].
The glottal consonant [h] is articulated in the glottis.