In the case of a double comprehension:
The two passages are accompanied by questions based on the content of each and
the relationship between them. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated
or implied in the reading extracts and any introductory material.
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Conclusion
We have come to such a conclusion that no matter what sort of text is we
should first teach the pupils to pay attention to correct reading taught to be able to
find the subject and predicate of sentence and we should teach them to pay attention
to the correct stress rhythm and intonation.
When reading a text the pupil heed not merely read it he must be able to
understand the sense of the text and full the context. The above mentioned words are
principal components of reading process. We should always consider reading
mechanism includes the following nine components 1- letter, 2 - letter combination,
3 - words, 4 - sentences their correct pronunciation, 5 – rhythm, 6 – intonation,
7 – memory, 8 – realizing, 9 - speed.
The teacher must teach pupil it is carried out through the reading mechanism. We
know that teaching reading in English consists of teaching technique of reading and
comprehending what is read. Reading habit is carried out when the pupil masters the
technique of reading put doesn’t comprehend the since of the text it won’t do. First
we should teach the technique of reading then on it’s base we teach to understand
what is read. Teaching the technique of reading is entirely connected with teaching
to understand what is read. We often take it for granted that the technique of reading
is reading loudly but it concerns silent reading too.
By reading we gain information widen our knowledge and world outlook
and there fore reading is considered a type of speech activity. To master habit of
reading English at lyceum is one of practical purpose expected from teaching
reading. Reading holds an important place in forming habit of speaking in English.
Exchanging questions on read texts retelling the text talk and discussions are basis
for many exercises. By reading we gain information for speaking. Loud reading is
very important in teaching correct pronunciation and understanding new language
materials.
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In the present research there has been made an attempt to analyze
peculiarities of teaching reading methods in the light of foreign language acquisition
and English teaching methodology.
On the basis of the material collected the following conclusions may be
inferred:
Reading is one of the key language skills that students should acquire in the
process of learning a foreign language. Moreover, it is not only the goal of education
but also a means of learning a foreign language as while reading students review
sounds and letters, vocabulary and grammar, memorize the spelling of words, the
meaning of words and word combinations i. e. they polish their foreign language
knowledge.
Reading skills are the cognitive processes that a reader uses in making sense
of a text. To become a proficient reader language learners should master automatic
letter and word recognition and the ability to use context as an aid to comprehension.
To make teaching reading effective it is advisable to focus on one skill at a
time, explain the purpose of given tasks, establish connection with the previously
acquired knowledge and skills, make usage of visual and audio aids, discuss
problematic issues etc. Teachers should also keep in mind that reading is not a
passive skill, make students engaged with what they are reading, encouraged them to
respond to the content of a reading text not just to the language, to make sure that
tasks correspond to the topic and level of the students etc.
All in all, there are six important methods of teaching reading and they are
as follows:
1. the alphabetic method / ABC method / spelling method,
2. the phonic method,
3. the word method,
4. the phrase method,
5. the sentence method, 6 the story method.
The pros of alphabetic method are that it gives the students sufficient
opportunity to see words and helps them to build up the essential visual image.
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However, as it is a dull and monotonous process it appears to be a difficult and
lengthy method that does not expand the eye-span.
The phonic method is based on teaching the sounds that match letters and
groups of letters of the English alphabet. It is linked with speech training and helps
to avoid spelling defects. Nevertheless, the drawback of the method lies in the facts
that meaning is not given priority in this method, additionally, it may delay the
development of reading words as a whole.
The word method, otherwise known as “Look and say" method, teaches to
read words as whole units, rather than breaking the word down into individual letters
or groups of letters. It is an easy and natural direct method that facilitates oral work
but at the same time it encourages the learner the habit of reading one word at a time.
The phrase method lies midway between the word method and the sentence
method. It helps in extending the eye span. This method has the same limitations as
the word method has. It places emphasis on meaning rather than reading.
The sentence method or “look and say method” in other words is often used
in situational teaching. It perceives the whole sentence as the minimum meaningful
unit. The procedure goes as follows: sentence - > phrase-> words-> letters. Readers
find it difficult to read a sentence without the knowledge of words and letters. Thus,
it is rather a time consuming method.
The story method is the most advanced one. The teacher tells the story in
four or five sentences illustrated through pictures. The children first memorize the
story and then read it. Before-teaching-practices should not be neglected with this
method.
Scholars recognize six word recognition strategies, namely, context clues,
morphemic analysis, word analysis, ask a friend, skip the word, phonics. Activating
or building background knowledge, using sensory images, questioning, making
predictions and inferences, determining main ideas, using fix-up options,
synthesizing are the seven reading comprehension strategies.
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The procedure of introducing new vocabulary to students may take the
following route: step 1: word introduction > step 2: student-friendly explanation >
step 3: illustrative examples > step 4: checking understanding.
Teachers should be very reasonable and careful with error correction and
choose the most suitable for the case as it may psychologically influence learners.
The correction may be made by the teacher or another student during or after
reading.
All the things considered, reading is a language activity and ought not to be divorced
from other language activities. To read effectively in English second-language
students need to learn to think in English. The methods of any teaching reading
lesson should be chosen according to the learner's level of skill development.
Teaching reading is a job for an expert who has to create conditions whereby
learners can learn and develop their reading skills.
The research is only a modest contribution to the issue of teaching reading
methodology and thus further investigation into the sphere is highly recommended.
Strictly speaking reading performs the function of important teaching means
besides the function of teaching’s purpose. The graduation qualification paper can be
used further at lyceums colleges or other educational institutions as a manual.
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