The verbals have tense and voice distinction

THE GERUND


The gerund has nominal and verbal properties.
As a noun the gerund can be:

1. 
   The subject
   

Smoking leads to many diseases.

2. 
   An object
   

He enjoys dancing.

3. 
   Predicative
   

The duty of parents is bringing up their children properly.

4. 
   Proceeded by a preposition
   

I am tired of repeating one and the same thing a hundred times.

5. 
   Modified by a noun in the Possessive Case or a Possessive pronoun
   

The father did not like Bob’s inviting his daughter to a dance.
Do you mind my opening the window.
As a verb gerund can:

1. 
   Take a direct object:
   

The students make good progress in understanding and speaking English.

2. 
   Be modified by an adverb:
   

She burst out crying bitterly.

3. 
   Have tense distinction.
   

Indefinite – writing – being written
Perfect – having written – having been written
The tense distinction of the Gerund is relative:
Ind. Gerund Act. & Passive denotes an action simultaneous to the action expressed by the predicate .
She enjoys talking. You cannot enter the building without being seen.
Perfect. Gerund Act. & pass expresses an action prior to the action expressed by the predicate.
She denies having broken the window.
After having been written the agreement was sighed.
After the verbs to remember to thank, after the prepositions on (upon) after, without Indefinite Gerund can express prior action.
I don’t remember hearing the legend before.
Excuse my not answering your letter earlier.
After walking for almost an hour, they reached the house..

4. 
   Have voice distinction the Gerund of transitive verbs has forms of Active and Passive Voice
   

I like neither courting nor being courted.
The Gerund after to want, to need, to deserve, to require, and the adjective worth has an active form but is passive I meaning.
The child wants attending to.
The room needs painting.
The film wasn’t worth seeing.