The Translator as Communicator



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translator as communcator

Sample 11.6
Preamble
The High Contracting Parties,
Proclaiming their earnest wish to see peace prevail among peoples,
Recalling that every State has the duty, in conformity with the Charter of the
United Nations, to refrain in its international relations from the threat or use of
force against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of any
State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations,
(…)
Have agreed on the following: 
Article 1—General principles and scope of application
1 The High Contracting Parties undertake to respect and to ensure respect for
this Protocol in all circumstances. (…)
Once a given text type is identified and described, the next step is to identify
the various text forms that are commonly encountered within it. In instruction,
reliance on genre structure seems to be an ideal way of going about this. Taking
certain types of legal documents such as the Resolution, the Treaty, or the
Protocol (of which 
Sample 11.6
is an example) as the macro-genre, we find that
these yield a set of micro-genres that are uniformly used. Thus, a treaty, for
example, invariably has: (1) a signatory slot, (2) a preamble, (3) a verb of doing,
(4) a set of articles. 
Sample 11.6
above illustrates the various segments thus:
The High Contracting Parties (1)
Proclaiming their earnest wish to see peace prevail among peoples (2)
Have agreed on the following (3)
The High Contracting Parties undertake to respect (4)
What makes this analysis particularly relevant is perhaps the fact that each of the
above genre structures (e.g. the preambular paragraph) seems to have a
‘language’ of its own, which is essentially of a formulaic nature. Starting with
these formats in a programme of translator training may seem odd, given the
notorious difficulty of legal language in general. But, beyond problems of lexical
equivalence, we suggest, this difficulty basically stems from lack of familiarity
with the genre structures through which the legal institution conducts its affairs
rather than through some instrinsic complication ascribable to legal language per
se.
The various instructional forms are thus ‘routines’ which the translator either
knows or simply does not know. But, if not known, these formats and
158 THE TRANSLATOR AS COMMUNICATOR


terminologies are learnable with remarkable ease, since what is involved is
essentially a finite set of conventional formats and a finite list of technical
vocabulary. These inconveniences are outweighed by the fact that instructional
text forms provide an ideal opportunity for introducing the trainee to a basic
translation strategy which is to opt for the ‘literal’ unless there is a good reason
to do otherwise (cf. Newmark 1988: xi and 68–9). Normally within the
conventions of writing instructional material, the translator will find no such
compelling rhetorical reason to justify deviating from the original. Consequently,
the training session will not be occupied with prolonged discussion of matters
other than those related to translation strategy.

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