THE STATE OF WORLD FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE
2020
Such waterbodies will require a separate threat
analysis for the waterbody itself.
Figure 58
presents four basin-level threat maps
for important inland fisheries in Africa and
Asia. The sub-basin disaggregation shows how
different parts of a basin may contribute to its
overall threat level.
The different levels may be
due to a high concentration of impacts in some
areas, but not in others. It emphasizes that not
all parts of basin are affected in the same way,
and this has implications for both fisheries and
biodiversity in each of these subareas.
An important feature of these threat maps is
that they are scalable, ranging from the global
map (
Figure 57
) through to basin and sub-basin
scales (
Figure 58
) and
to even lower resolution
where the data exist. This allows fisheries and
environmental managers to examine threats
and drivers at the level appropriate to their
management plans, and it supports an ecosystem
approach to fishery management.
The advantage of this mapping method is that
it uses global, publicly available data, allowing
coverage of countries
that may have very limited
capacity to collect and report data to FAO.
The interpretation of the maps can be greatly
enhanced by triangulating the results of threat
maps with field observations based on local
knowledge and data collection, something that
FAO and its Members could seek to strengthen.
Linking the threat maps to fishery data at a
subnational level will enable more detailed
national analysis and planning, especially
pointing to areas where there is a need for
greater understanding
of primary threats and
their relationship to fisheries production and
fish biodiversity. This would enable national
fishery agencies to identify important inland
fisheries (or aquatic biodiversity) that are at risk
and prioritize appropriate fishery monitoring
and management interventions.
The mapping could also be used to select and
track some key inland fisheries as indicator
fisheries, for a replicable assessment of the
changes in global inland fisheries production.
Such assessments could initially be supported
by holistic fishery evaluation approaches,
which aim to capture
fishery status without
the requirement for intensive sampling
programmes. Linking an understanding of
the state of the selected inland fisheries to the
global threat map would also provide a baseline
and means to report meaningfully on progress
towards international goals such as the Aichi
Biodiversity Targets on inland fish stocks,
as well as action on ecosystem restoration to
support the SDGs.
Ultimately, this work
will require commitment
and additional resources to undertake
assessments of the indicator fisheries on a routine
basis, and agreement to report into a common
framework in order to enable FAO to collate a
global assessment in a similar manner to that of
the FAO marine stock status assessment.
n
NEW AND DISRUPTIVE
TECHNOLOGIES FOR
INNOVATIVE DATA
SYSTEMS AND PRACTICES
The 2018 edition of
The State of World
Fisheries and Aquaculture
outlined the need
to improve the availability
and use of fishery
data, statistics and information (FAO, 2018a).
While the fisheries and aquaculture sector
has historically lagged behind in terms of
adoption of efficient information systems,
increased attention is now focusing on the
opportunities that innovations in information
technologies can provide, and on how these
can change the way fisheries and aquaculture
sustainability issues are generated, interpreted
and communicated (FAO, 2020f). New tools
building on proven
technologies such as mobile
phones or cloud-based systems are being
deployed to address some of the persistent
weaknesses (
Box 23
). However, the irruption
of new and emerging technologies – such as
high-resolution satellite imagery, the Automatic
Identification System (AIS), cameras and
in situ
sensors, DNA and genetic profiling, blockchain,
the Internet of Things (IoT), big data,
artificial
intelligence (AI) and machine learning – is
likely to significantly affect the established
data supply chain and disrupt the sector’s
management in the short-to-medium term.
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