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Part II
Developmental Theory in Overview
Molfese, & DiLalla, 2001; see also Noble, Norman, & Farah,
2005).
3.
Parental (particularly maternal) depression:
Maternal depres-
sion is associated with a variety of negative childhood outcomes
as a function of duration, severity, and the child’s age, notably
lower IQ scores beginning in grade school. These include com-
promised cognitive outcomes in infancy and the toddler years,
decreased creative play, ADD-like behaviors in the early grade
school years, anxiety, and depression in adolescence (Duncan
et al., 1994).
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