Chapter 5
Social and Emotional Development
87
Table 5.2
KOHLBERG’S (2008) STAGES OF MORAL REASONING
Level 1. Preconventional Morality
Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment (A behavior is wrong if it is punished.)
Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange (A behavior is right if it suits one’s
needs.)
Level 2. Conventional Morality
Stage 3: Interpersonal Relationships (A behavior is right if it conforms to
immediate expectations, e.g., earns “good boy” type of praise.)
Stage 4: Maintaining Social Order (A behavior is right if it conforms to rigid
rules.)
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