Learning Disability and Nonverbal Learning Disability
“Learning disability” (LD) and “nonverbal learning disability” (NVLD)
are labels that describe meaningful discrepancies of cognitive function-
ing within an individual, some of which have direct bearing on language
comprehension and/or production.
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NVLD, for example, refers to a
pattern of verbal strengths as contrasted with relative nonverbal (e.g.,
visual-spatial) cognitive weaknesses. The
Diagnostic and Statistical Man-
ual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition
(
DSM
-
IV
; APA, 1994) defines
four specific LDs as well as two additional, language-related diagnoses:
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