NEGLECT, ABUSE, AND LANGUAGE EXPERIENCE
The typical and universal path of early-language development requires
exposure to language models. The infant’s experience of language
rhythms, intonation patterns, and the unique set of sounds (
phonemes
)
that compose a specific language help to organize developing brain
structures in a manner that opens the door to continuing language
development. In fact, the babbling 2- or 3-month-old’s spontaneous
repertoire will include the sounds common to all languages. By 12 to
18 months of age, however, the speech sounds that are absent in the
child’s auditory environment have dropped out of his or her sound
vocabulary in favor of those sounds that constitute the ambient language
and can be relatively difficult to master later as part of second-language
learning (Midaeva & Lyubimova, 2008).
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