1.
Responsibility:
“Healthy autonomy, self-reliance and clarity
of identity”
2.
Temperance:
“The ability to limit impulsivity, avoid extremes
in decision making and to evaluate a situation thoroughly be-
fore acting”
134
Part II
Developmental Theory in Overview
3.
Perspective:
“Being able to acknowledge the complexity of a
situation and to frame a specific decision within a larger con-
text,” including the ability to decentrate
Cauffman and Steinberg (2000a) assessed the emergence of these three
components of maturity among more than 1,000 eighth-, tenth-,
twelfth-grade, and college-age students, spanning an age range of from
13.7 to 25.0 years. They observe that “the period between 16 and 19
marks an important transition point in psychosocial development that
is potentially relevant to debates about the drawing of legal boundaries
between adolescence and adulthood” (Cauffman & Steinberg, 2000a,
p. 756). Whereas the youngest teens had achieved the cognitive skills
presumed necessary to anticipate the outcomes of their choices, the
three relevant social and emotional developmental milestones typically
lagged at least 2 years behind.
Using these same measures of maturity of judgment Modecki (2008,
p. 78) confirms that “adolescents (ages 14–17) display less responsibil-
ity and perspective relative to college students (ages 18–21), young-
adults (ages 22–27), and adults (ages 28–40).”
These data, together with the results of studies of socioemotional
developmental milestones discussed earlier (see chapter 5), converge
to suggest that the period from 14 to 16 years of age is marked by
expectable de´calage. Although the 14-year-old may achieve Formal
Operations and thereby the cognitive maturity to foresee abstract possi-
bilities and their contingent outcomes, it’s not until age 16 that he or
she is likely to have the socioemotional maturity to cope with the
impact of these possible future paths (see Figure 7.7). As one editor
summarizes simply: “Adolescents may have mature thought processes
sometimes but not at others” (Rosado, 2000, p. 22).
SUMMARY
It is far too easy and too frequent that a child’s maturity is equated
with the superficial signs of physical growth, linguistic competence,
academic achievement, or social engagement alone. Understanding that
development encompasses many simultaneous, but seldom synchro-
nous, threads allows us to look beneath the surface, to look for a
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |