The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion



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THE HIVE HYPOTHESIS

In  the  last  chapter,  I  suggested  that  human  nature  is  90  percent

chimp  and  10  percent  bee.  We  are  like  chimps  in  being  primates




whose  minds  were  shaped  by  the  relentless  competition  of

individuals  with  their  neighbors.  We  are  descended  from  a  long

string  of  winners  in  the  game  of  social  life.  This  is  why  we  are

Glauconians, usually more concerned about the appearance of virtue

than the reality (as in Glaucon’s story about the ring of Gyges).

3

But  human  nature  also  has  a  more  recent  groupish  overlay.  We



are  like  bees  in  being  ultrasocial  creatures  whose  minds  were

shaped  by  the  relentless  competition  of  groups  with  other  groups.

We  are  descended  from  earlier  humans  whose  groupish  minds

helped them cohere, cooperate, and outcompete other groups. That

doesn’t  mean  that  our  ancestors  were  mindless  or  unconditional

team  players;  it  means  they  were  selective.  Under  the  right

conditions, they were able to enter a mind-set of “one for all, all for

one” in which they were truly working for the good of the group,

and not just for their own advancement within the group.

My hypothesis in this chapter is that human beings are conditional



hive  creatures.  We  have  the  ability  (under  special  conditions)  to

transcend  self-interest  and  lose  ourselves  (temporarily  and

ecstatically) in something larger than ourselves. That ability is what

I’m  calling  the  hive  switch.  The  hive  switch,  I  propose,  is  a  group-

related  adaptation  that  can  only  be  explained  “by  a  theory  of

between-group selection,” as Williams said.

4

 It cannot be explained



by selection at the individual level. (How would this strange ability

help a person to outcompete his neighbors in the same group?) The

hive switch is an adaptation for making groups more cohesive, and

therefore more successful in competition with other groups.

5

If the hive hypothesis is true, then it has enormous implications



for how we should design organizations, study religion, and search

for meaning and joy in our lives.

6

 Is it true? Is there really a hive



switch?


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