The Republic of Uzbekistan is a world leader in cotton production and processing and export. Therefore, cotton fiber and its processing play an important role in the country's economy

INTRODUCTION

The Republic of Uzbekistan is a world leader in cotton production and processing and export. Therefore, cotton fiber and its processing play an important role in the country's economy.

The solution to the problems that arose during the transition to a market economy is related to the reform of all types of production. To achieve this goal, first of all, it is necessary to comprehensively promote the development of science and science and technology.

We are well aware of the rich resources of the light industry, including the textile industry, the processing of raw materials in our country and the potential for employment. Therefore, serious attention is paid to the development and efficiency of these areas.

The production of high-quality fiber in line with world standards has set an important task for specialists and scientists in the field of cotton processing, such as the improvement of existing equipment and technology. In turn, the increasing level of improvement of spinning and weaving equipment requires great attention to the quality of cotton fiber.

Another important issue that requires special attention is the consistent continuation of structural changes in agriculture. Uzbek cotton fiber has always been in high demand in the world cotton market. This is evidenced by the results of the International Cotton Fair held in Tashkent in recent years.

Of course, it is gratifying that our society is undergoing great changes in the cotton industry. A clear example of this is our esteemed President Sh.M. These are Mirziyoyev's decisions.

Dear President Shavkat Miramonovich Mirziyoyev, We are all responsible for the development of Uzbekistan in all spheres. every area is being given attention at the state level. "One of our main tasks is to finance agriculture and improve the existing system," he said. The implementation of these measures will remain one of our priorities [1,2].

During his visit to Namangan region, the President said, “The level of cotton fiber processing in the region will increase from the current 49% to 94% by 2021 due to the establishment of textile enterprises in Namangan, Namangan, Turakurgan, Uychi and Uchkurgan districts. Calculations show that if we export yarn, we earn 1.4 times more than fiber. If we sell it as a finished product, our export earnings will increase 6 times. This means not only foreign exchange earnings, but also new jobs, additional taxes to the budget and welfare of the population [2,3].

On the basis of production and deep processing of cotton fiber, which is the main textile raw material, the country is taking comprehensive measures to increase the production and competitiveness of a wide range of high quality and low cost textile and light industry products. The Action Strategy for the further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021 sets the task, including "increasing the competitiveness of the national economy, reducing energy and resource consumption in the economy, the widespread introduction of energy-saving technologies in production" [1,2]. In carrying out this task, including the creation of an efficient technology for transporting cotton into the production process and separating cotton from the air, the cotton separator has a low aerodynamic resistance One of the important issues is the development of a design that does not adversely affect the quality of the product.

The implemented technical and technological measures must ensure timely pre-processing and uninterrupted, high-quality supply of harvested cotton to consumers, while preventing the destruction of harvested raw cotton, while preserving its natural properties.

In ginneries, cotton is transported by air from the gin to the production plant. In this process, loss of air pressure and damage to the cotton occur in more separators.

Therefore, the study of the working principle of the separator is important to overcome the shortcomings.

A separator is installed in front of the fan to separate the cotton from the air. In this case, cotton is separated from the air flow mainly under the influence of gravity, inertia and centrifugal forces. The existing separator constructions in ginneries today have some shortcomings. Loss of air pressure from the pneumatic device of enterprises occurs in the separator, in addition, the quality of cotton in the separator is impaired. In order to eliminate these shortcomings, it was necessary to better study the process of separating cotton from the air.

In the separator, the process of separating the cotton from the air is not sufficiently perfected, causing defects in the fiber and damaging the seed.

Defects observed in the separator device of the existing pneumatic transport system affect the natural properties of cotton, the working elements of the separator, the formation of defects in the fiber during the separation of cotton pieces, the damage to the seed, the cotton rope on the roller, the vacuum of the cotton pieces period.