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1. § 5 Requirements and recommendations for separators by foreign manufacturers

Separators are devices designed to separate the seed cotton from the air flow in the pneumatic transport system, as its name implies (Wright 1977). In addition to this basic function, separators remove a limited amount of dust and fine contaminants from cotton. Separators are used in various areas of ginneries. They are used to re-transfer incoming seed cotton in the cotton transportation and unloading system. Some enterprises use separators to transfer the seed cotton to other machines (drying and cleaning machines) in the cleaning system. Separators are important in the system for handling gin materials and must be at the required level and maintained to ensure their uninterrupted operation. The separators used in the incoming cotton unloading system typically require more maintenance than those used elsewhere. Uneven material flow in the unloading system, high negative standards and high levels of contaminants create very harsh working conditions for the separator.

Separators currently used in foreign enterprises are divided into four main types:

The main stream of seed cotton is those that do not collide with the stationary mesh surface; this type of mesh surface is cleaned with rubber scrapers attached to a rotating drum or cylinder (Figures 1.14 and 1.15).

Figure 1.14. Sectional separator with multiple mesh surfaces and cylinders (Continental Eagle Corporation)

Figure 1.15. Combined separator and cleaner feed adjuster mounted on top (manufactured by Consolidated Cotton Gin Corporation.)

The seed cotton is routed to a stationary mesh surface, cleaned with rubber swabs attached to a rotating drum or cylinder (Figure 1.16).

Figure 1.16. Curved mesh surface and rotating roller separator

(Manufactured by Continental Eagle Corporation)

Cleaning of the rotating mesh surface drum from seed cotton is done by directing a centrifugal force on the rotating mesh surface drum and its surroundings (Figure 1.17).

The seed cotton is oriented diagonally to a stationary mesh surface, and the mesh surface is cleaned of seed cotton and incoming air flow (Figure 1.18).

The nozzles of the first two types of separators require less maintenance if they are not exposed to high temperatures, as they are used as a receiving device in the drying system. However, it is necessary to periodically check the level of wear, abrasion and damage to the suction cups. Each sink has cutouts for mounting it, making it possible to adjust it to the mesh surface according to the degree of slip. They should be mounted at a level that allows the mesh surface to slide lightly.

If the suction devices are in a bent position and away from the mesh surface, they can sometimes be rotated and serviced in the mounted position.

can be left to show. Excessively worn and broken pads need to be replaced.

Figure 1.17. Rotating mesh surface drum separator

(Manufactured by Continental Eagle Corporation)

Figure 1.18. Curved grid mesh surface separator

(Manufactured by Kimbell Jin Machine Company)

The upper part of the third category separator is periodically inspected periodically to make sure that the edges of the mesh surface drum are in the required level of hermetic condition and slightly requires maintenance. Worn and damaged parts will need to be replaced.

The upper part of the fourth type separator, i.e. the surface of the net, requires periodic inspection to make sure that the seed cotton entering the device is properly cleaned by air flow.

It is important that the seed cotton is spread over the entire width of the mesh surface, and this is achieved by adjusting the split distributor at the entrance and transition point. The mesh surface panel should be adjusted so that the edges of the mesh surface protrude approximately 2 inches from the back wall.

Vacuum valves located at the bottom of all separators are a very important part of the device. the purpose of the vacuum valves is to ensure that the seed cotton is expelled from the device without affecting the air pressure.

Vacuum valves require more attention and frequent adjustment or replacement than rubber seals on the top of the mesh surface separating the rubber seals in the chamber. These scrapers must be well adjusted and in good condition to minimize air leakage into or out of the separator. When the separator is clogged, it is usually caused by the nozzles being too worn or damaged and their side spirals not placing gypsum.

When an air leak occurs in the vacuum-valve sections, sufficient airflow is generated to lift the cotton, which carries the seed cotton to the separation chamber above and causes a change in air pressure in the transported pipes. That is why vacuum valves are important for the smooth operation of the device.

In addition, vacuum-valves (also called vacuum-valve blades) are used to separate cottonseeds, seeds, and contaminants from the air stream carrying cotton in various locations across ginning plants. They are used in other pressure machines, such as aerodynamic profile sloping cleaners, or to ensure the tightness of machines when unloading cotton or other material from machines together.

Figure 1.19 shows ordinary cotton seed vacuum-valves; most vacuum - valves have their own requirements for preparation and maintenance, which are similar to the requirements of the separator deck or vacuum section. Carefully follow the manufacturer's instructions when adjusting or installing the blades.

Figure 1.19. Vacuum-valve for seed cotton

Typically, the blades are mounted by placing gypsum on the side spirals. The blades should bend about half an inch when passing over the side bend, and a maximum of four to three inches along the straight line. They should not be required to bend excessively. When inspecting or replacing rubber blades, the rubber part at the ends of the vacuum valve blades or the vacuum-valves should also be inspected and replaced if damaged or worn. Some models of vacuum valves have easily removable rubber blades, which allows them to be serviced and repaired quickly and easily. Sometimes seed cotton drying systems have vacuum-valves with a deflector between the vacuum-valves and the hot air flow, commonly referred to as a paddle-holder. The saver returns the hot air flow from the cotton vacuum valves, thereby extending the service life of the rubber blades. Vacuum valves used in the drying system must be equipped with heat-resistant blades. Vacuum valves used to remove seeds and small contaminants are smaller in diameter and length than vacuum valves used to remove cotton.

The vacuum-valve for conventional discharge (Fig. 1.20) has the same basic design as the vacuum-valve for seed discharge (Fig. 1.21); the main difference between these is that vacuum-valves designed for seeds have more blades than vacuum-valves designed for contaminants. Additional blades are needed to generate sufficient compressive strength to transmit to the high-pressure seed lines. Seed and dirt mixtures are highly abrasive, and the blades of vacuum-valves designed for seed and dirt require more frequent inspection and maintenance than vacuum-valves used in ordinary seed cotton.

Figure 1.20. A vacuum valve designed for contaminants

Figure 1.21. The vacuum for the seed is a valve

Separator and vacuum - The capacity and power requirements for different sizes of valves are selected depending on the operating conditions. These data are averages and may vary depending on the type of cotton. The manufacturer should always be consulted when evaluating the capacity and capacity of separators and vacuum valves. Separators and vacuum valves used in gin pneumatic systems can consume a lot of power. Regular maintenance and repair is required to reduce air leakage.

Even in new and well-sealed separators, a significant intake and leakage of air is observed through the vacuum-valve section; a 35 percent loss in the separator is common.

Therefore, periodic inspection of all separators and vacuum-valves, incorrect settings, worn parts in the separator or vacuum-valve chamber will significantly reduce failure due to contamination.

CHAPTER II. THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE PROCESS OF EFFECTIVE SEPARATION OF COTTON FROM AIR FLOW.

By studying the effect of cotton on the mesh surface in the process of separating raw cotton from air flow and in separating cotton raw material from air flow under the influence of inertial force, two methods were developed for two different separation processes and theoretical research was conducted on them.

We have reviewed in the literature review section on the implementation of centrifugal force to separate raw cotton transported from ginneries from the air stream. Given that insufficient theoretical research has been conducted on the movement of cotton inside the device on the process of separation of raw cotton under the influence of inertial force, we conducted theoretical research on the movement of cotton in the process of separation of cotton from air flow in a pneumatic separator. In this dissertation work, the first pneumo-separator device was proposed, which allows to effectively separate the raw cotton from the transported air flow. For such a device to work smoothly, it is important to learn that it depends on the trajectory and speed of the cotton entering the device.

It is known that the more the air stream entering the device moves around the device wall, the more the active contaminants in the cotton are released. In addition, the efficiency of this process also depends on the speed of the incoming air flow.